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MUSIC 101 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who are Pope Gregory the Great and Benedict of Nursia? What did they accomplish? (Unit 8)

A
  • Pope Gregory: assembled and standardized all the basic chants required for church services of his time
  • Benedict of Nursia: founder of the Benedictine Order, first European Monastic Order,
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2
Q

What is the Gregorian Chant?

A

the type of chant used in the early Roman Catholic Church

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3
Q

Name the 4 medieval modes:

A
  • D (dorian)
  • E (lydian)
  • F (phrygian)
  • G (mixolydian)
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4
Q

Explain the term Organum.

A

the earliest genre of medieval polyphonic music

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5
Q

Name 2 medieval composers and one of their works.

A
  • Perotin: Organum “Alleluia. Diffusa est gratia”

- Hildegard of Bingen: Columba aspexit

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6
Q

Who is Perotin and what id he accomplish?

A

started creating organa

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7
Q

What is the Notre-Dame Period?

A
  • The Notre-Dame school or the Notre-Dame school of polyphony refers to the group of composers working at or near the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris
  • Leonin, Perotin
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8
Q

Name 3 important composers of the Renaissance.

A
  • Josquin Desprez
  • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
  • Thomas Weelkes
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9
Q

What does the word Renaissance mean? What is the main characteristic of this period?

A
  • rebirth
  • polyphony
  • paraphase
  • sonority
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10
Q

Describe the technique of imitation. In which music do we encounter this technique?

A
  • balance among multiple voice parts
  • one voice begins with motive (other voices join, same motive and words but at different pitch)
  • most polyphony at the end of the 15th century
  • Desprez’s Pange Lingua Mass
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11
Q

What does the term A capella style mean? Where originates this expression?

A
  • performance by voices alone

- the name refers to the religious context of the chapel

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12
Q

What is a Madrigal? Main characteristics?

A
  • short composition set to a one-stanza poem
  • typically love poem
  • rapid turnover of ideas and images
  • ideally sung by one singer per part in an intimate setting
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13
Q

3 main stylistic innovations of the beginning Baroque Period? Name and explain each.

A
  • rhythm and meter (more definite, regular. Emphasis on meter, bar lines)
  • Texture: Basso continuo
  • Functional harmony (developed major minor system, chords, tonality)
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14
Q

What are the reasons for invention of opera genre?

A
  • entertainments put on to celebrate royal weddings

- portray individual emotion

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15
Q

Explain the term basso continuo. Which period?

A
  • a set of chords continuously underlying the melody in a piece of Baroque music
  • instruments playing the continuo, usually cello plus harpsichord or organ
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16
Q

How did the basso continuo transform the musical thinking?

A
  • enriched both homophonic and polyphonic textures
  • clarifying the harmony
  • makes the texture bind or jell
  • has systematic harmonic underpinnings
  • music constructed from the bottom up
17
Q

Name 3 important composers of the Baroque Period and one of their compositions.

A
  • Claudio Monteverdi: The Coronation of Poppea
  • Henry Purcell: Dido and Aeneas
  • Girolamo Frescobaldi: Canzona, Balletto, and Corrente
18
Q

What are the different art forms that are included in opera?

A
  • music
  • drama
  • poetry
  • dancing
  • scene design
  • special effects
19
Q

Why may it be difficult to listen to opera?

A

contains deep feelings, emotional pressure

20
Q

Explain the main differences between Aria and Recitative.

A
  • recitative: declaiming words musically in a heightened, theatrical manner. Used for plot action, diaglogue
  • aria: extended piece for solo singer, more musical elaboration and coherence
  • aria is more melodic, rhythm is more consistent, meter is clearer, accompaniment includes entire orchestra
  • aria: soliloquies or meditations
21
Q

What does the term Opera Seria mean?

A

serious, heroic opera of Baroque period in Italy

22
Q

Explain the term Da Capo Aria and its formal structure.

A
  • aria in ABA form

- A section is sung da capo at the end

23
Q

What is an Oratorio?

A

long semi dramatic piece on a religious subject for soloists, chorus, and orchestra

24
Q

What is the content of the Messiah?

A
  • tells the story of the life of Christ
  • oratorio divided into 3 parts
    1. prophecy and the birth of Christ
    2. Crucifixion, descent into hell and resurrection
    3. the day of the judgement and the promise of eternal life
25
Q

Explain the 4 basic principles, which are used to construct musical form,

A
  • statement
  • repetition
  • contrast
  • variation

MUSIC 101 (1 decks)

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