Exam 2 Flashcards
No Insects
Phylum Porifera
Sponges
Phylum Porifera Traits
-primative: no mouth, tissues, organs
-filter feeder
-sessile as adults
-calcareous: calcium carbonate “skeleton”
or -siliceous: made of silica
or -spicules: criss cross “skeleton”
or -spongin: soft and spongy
calcareous
made of calcium carbonate
siliceous
made of silica
spicules
found in sponges for structural support
spongin
found in sponges soft and squishy
sessile
stationary as adults
erect sponge
grows upright
encrusting
grows flat on stationary surfaces
random body shape
no symmetry
Asymmetrical
not symmetrical
Bilateral
can be split evenly in half
radial symmetry
can be spilt like a pie or pizza
Phylum Cnidaria
Jellies
Phylum Cnidaria Traits
- radial symmetry
- ring of feeding tentacles with nematocysts
- medusa body shape: tentacles face down
nematocysts
stingers at the end of tentacles
Phylum Cnidaria Three Major Classes
- Class Scyphozoa (true jellies)
- Class Anthozoa (polyp body shape)
- Class Hydrozoa (others)
Class Scyphozoa
True Jellies
- medusa body
- oral surface facing downward
Class Anthozoa
Polyp Body Type
- anemones
- oral surface facing upwards
Class Hydrozoa
Various Body Types
- solitary or colonial
- By the Wind Sailor
- Portugese Man O’ War
By the Wind Sailor
Class Hydrozoa
-floats has a sail and trails tentacles in water
Portuguese Man O’ War
Class Hydrozoa
-floats with air sac has longer tentacles that trail in water
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flat Worms
Phylum Platyhelminthes Traits
- bilateral symmetry
- ventral cilia (hair-like structures)
- anterior: side of vital organs
- posterior: opposite of anterior
- free-living or parasitic
ventral cilia
hair-like structures on the dorsal surface of platyhelminths (flat worms)
Parasitic Platyhelminthes (Flat Worms)
Tapeworm and Fluke
-covered in a cuticle that protects them from digestion
Phylum Nematoda
Round Worms
Phylum Nematoda Traits
Round Worms
- bilateral symmetry
- spindle shaped bodies (one round end one pointy end)
- round cross-section
- free-living or parasitic
Phylum Annelida Traits
- bilateral
- segmented
Phylum Annelida 3 Classes
- Class Polychaete
- Class Earthworm
- Class Leeches
Phylum Annelida: Class Polychaete
Marine Worms
- pair of parapodia (locomotion or respiration) and bristles on each segment
- segmented
Phylum Annelida: Class Earthworm
- no parapodia (nubs that stick out)
- bristles reduced
- intersex: both male and female parts
Phylum Annelida: Class Leeches
- no parapodia or bristles
- anterior and posterior suckers
Class Polyplacophora Species
Chitons
Class Polyplacophora Traits
Chitons
- 8 dorsal valves
- girdle: surrounds outside of dorsal valves
- muscular foot
- radula: feeding “tube”
Class Gastropoda
Snails or Slugs
Class Gastropoda Traits
- shells or not
- herbivores (exposed gills to catch plankton)
- or carnivores (sea/slugs)
- Abalone: shell with holes
- Periwinkles: small shelled sea snails
- Limpets: cone shaped shell
- Garden and Banana slugs
- Garden Snail
- Sea Hare: sea slug
- Nudibranchs: carnivorous sea slug / (naked gills)
Periwinkles
small shelled sea snails
Abalone
shell with holes
Limpets
cone shaped shell
Sea Hare
Sea Slug
Nudibranchs
Anemone-looking
carnivorous sea slug
Class Bivalves
- California Muscles
- Bean Clam
Class Cephalopoda
- Opalescent Squid: shiny, head fin (8 arms + 2 tentacles)
- Giant Pacific Octopus: red white orange (8 arms)
- Two-Spotted Octopus: two brown spots (8 arms)
Phylum Arthropoda
Jointed Leg
- segmented body and legs
- exoskeleton chitin must be molted
Phylum Arthropoda: Subphylum Crustacea
- mostly marine
- respire with gills
4 Major Groups of Crustacea
- Decapods
- Amphipods
- Barnacles
- Isopods
Group of Crustacea/ Decapods
Decapods:
Cray Fish: fresh water, (mini lobster) no large claws
Spiny/Rock Lobster: marine no large claws
Crustacea: Shore Crabs/Kelp Crabs/Cancer Crabs
-10 legs
-cephalothorax: head thorax fusion
Shore Crabs
Square Boxy Carapace
flattened thorax that covers most of body
Kelp Crabs
Fan-Like Carapace
flattened thorax that covers most of body
Cancer Crabs
Shield-Like Carapace
flattened thorax that covers most of body
Male Crabs
Narrow Abdomen
Female Crabs
Wider Abdomen to carry eggs
Sand Crabs
- stream-line carapace (bullet shape)
- burrow into sand
Hermit Crabs
-live in empty gastropod shell
Isopods
Sow Bug (rolly polly) -Dorsoventrally flattened (can be split into left vs right side)
Amphipods
Beach Fleas
-Laterally Flattened (can be split into top and bottom)
Barnacles
Acorn Barnacles (little volcanoes) Goose Barnacles (spotted/overlapping spots)
Phylum Arthropoda: Class Arachnid
- eight legs
- usually eight eyes
- cephalothorax and abdomen
- terrestrial carnivores
Black Widow
- no webs
- red hourglass shape on underside of females only
Brown Widow
- look like black widow but not poisonous
- spiky egg sacs
Crab Spider
- live in flower that matches their body color
- two outstretched front legs
Jumping Spider
- active hunters
- cute: two enlarged front facing eyes
- always trail silk in case of jump
Green Lynx
- green
- lives in trees
- no webs
Cobweb Spider
Daddy Long Legs
Orb Weaver
- large circular webs
- females have stripes
Arachnid Anatomy: Pedipalp
- front facing appendages on face of spider
- used for sensory and mating
Arachnid Anatomy: Respiration
Spiracles: breathing holes on side of abdomen
Or Book Lungs: gill like breathing slits on side of abdomen
Arachnid Anatomy: Webs
Spinnerets: produce webs; which can vary in thickness and stickiness
Arachnid Anatomy: Legs
Attached to the cephalothorax (head thorax fusion)
Arachnid Anatomy: 2 Major Body Parts
Cephalothorax: head thorax fusion
Abdomen
