exam 2

Question 1

Structural Organization

Answer 1

Upper respiratory tract

Lower respiratory tract

Question 2

Functional Organization

Answer 2

Conducting zone-

Respiratory Zone

Question 3

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

Warms, cleanses and humidifies

Question 4

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

Answer 4

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

Question 5

Nasopharynx (Describe)

Answer 5

Air only

• posterior to the choanae, superior to the soft palate
• soft palate separates the nasopharyngx from oropharynx.

Question 6

Oropharynx (Describe)

Answer 6

Air and food only

-soft palate to epiglottis

Question 7

Laryngopharynx (Describe)

Answer 7

Primarily food and drink

-epiglottis to esophagus

Question 8

What is the general function of the larynx?

Answer 8

1. Provide and airway
2. Act as switching mechanism to route air and food into the proper channels.
3. To function in voice production.

Question 9

What type of tissue lines the trachea?

Answer 9

Mucus membrane made up of goblet cells and pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Hylaine cartilage

Question 10

What is the function of the tissue

Answer 10

Protects the trachea and keeps airway open

Question 11

What is the location of the Carina?

Answer 11

Internal ridges at the inferior end of the trachea. (where it splits)

Question 12

What is the function of the Carina?

Answer 12

initiates cough reflex when irritants are present

Question 13

Bronchitis

Answer 13

Inflammation of the bronchi caused by bacterial or viral infection.

Question 14

Asthma

Answer 14

Excessive stimulation and brochoconstriction.

-stimulation severely restricts airflow

Question 15

Brochoconstriction

Answer 15

Less air through brochial tree

Question 16

Brochodilation

Answer 16

More air through brochial tree

Question 17

Name all 3 types of cells in the alveolar wall

Answer 17

Alveolar type 1 cell, Alveolar type 2 cell, Alveolar macrophage

Question 18

Alveolar type 1 cell (simple squamous)

Answer 18

95% of alveolar surface air

Question 19

Alveolar type 2 cell

Answer 19

Secrete oily pulmonary surfactant

coats inside of alveolus and opposes collapse during expiration.

Question 20

Alveolar Macrophage (dust cells)

Answer 20

Leukocytes that engulf (killing)

microorgansims

Question 21

What process is used to transport gasses at the alveoli?

Answer 21

Diffusion

Question 22

Visceral Pleura

Answer 22

Adheres to lung surface

Question 23

Parietal Pleura

Answer 23

Lines internal thoracic walls

Question 24

External Respiration

Answer 24

exchange of gases between alveoli and blood

Question 25

Internal Respiration

Answer 25

Exchange of respiratory gases between the systemic cells and blood.

Question 26

inhalation

Answer 26

Brings air into the lungs

Question 27

Exhalation

Answer 27

Forces air out of the lungs

Question 28

Boyle’s Law

Answer 28

Relationship of volume and pressure

Question 29

Boyles’s Law states

Answer 29

Always opposite
Volume increases= pressure decreases
Volume decreases= pressure increases

Question 30

The role of surfactant in the alveoli

Answer 30

Reduces surfaces tension in alveoli

Question 31

Pneumothorax

Answer 31

Free air in the pleural cavity (car accident, rib fracture)

Question 32

Atelectasis

Answer 32

Deflated lung portion

Question 33

Tidal Volume

Answer 33

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath, during quiet breathing.

Question 34

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 34

Amount of air that can forcibly inhaled beyond tidal volume

Question 35

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 35

Amount that can be forcibly exhaled

Question 36

Residual volume (RV)

Answer 36

Amount of air left in the lungs after the most forceful expiration