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Bio Final > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

the excretory systems found in insects is composed of

A

malphighian tubules

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1
Q

Trace the route of urine in a mammalian urinary system from the kidney to elimination from the body

A

ii, iii, i, iv

kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

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2
Q

which of the following is not considered an obligatory salt and water exchange mechanism in terrestrial animals

A

all of these are mechanisms used by land animals

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3
Q

in our kidneys, filtration is driven by

A

hydrostatic pressure in the blood vessels of the glomerulus

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4
Q

all of the following are functions of the kidney except

A

production of urea as a waste product of protein catabolism

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5
Q

which of the following would be3 an indication of kidney failure

A

protein (large amount) in the urine

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6
Q

which of these the most correct sequence of blood vessels about the nephron

A

afferent arteriole,, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, capillary bed, venule, renal vein

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7
Q

match the animal on the left with the appropriate excretory system on the right

A

i=c, ii=a, iii=b

metanephridia, protonephridia, malipighian tubules

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8
Q

In our system, the urine formed in the kidneys is carried to the urinary bladder by

A

ureters

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9
Q

which of the folliwng types of blood vessels would most likely be surrounding the loop of Henle

A

Peritubular capillaries

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10
Q

what is the main nitrogenous waste excreted by birds

A

uric acid

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11
Q

what is the process called by which materials are returned to the blood from the filtrate

A

secretion

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12
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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13
Q

which structure passes urine to the renal pelvis

A

collecting duct

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14
Q

a urinary bladder is useful because it

A

stores urine to prevent constant urination

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15
Q

marine fishes avoid water balance problems by

A

producing small volumes of concentrated urine

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16
Q

which of the following is not a process utilized by excretory organs in the excretion of waste

A

all of these are utilized

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17
Q

animals that maintain a constant water balance despite changes in water concentrations in the environment are

A

osmoregulators

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18
Q

if a person drinks a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die of water toxicity. ADH can help prevent water retention through interaction with target cells in the

A

kidney

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19
Q

which one of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas

A

b &c

insulin and glucagon

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20
Q

Which of the following statements about hormones is incorrect

A

they are used to communicate between different organisms

21
Q

the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are physically connected by

A

a stalk and a portal system

22
Q

which one of the following is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

A

oxytocin

23
Q

match the class of hormone on the left with the representative example on the right

A

i=a, ii=c, iii=b

amine-norepinephrine
peptide- glucagon
steroid- cortisol

24
Q

the hypothalamus control the anterior pituitary by means of

A

releasing hormones

25
Q

Hormones from the hypothalamus affect the release of all of the following except

A

oxytocin

26
Q

which hormone will decrease blood glucose levels

A

insulin

27
Q

which of the following statements about endocrine glands is incorrect

A

the parathyroids regulate metabolic rate

28
Q

which of the following endocrine glands does not produce its own hormones

A

posterior pituitary

29
Q

an example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

A

insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism

30
Q

which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its action

A

insulin- stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver

31
Q

cortisol is released from the

A

adrenal cortex

32
Q

Iodine is added to cmmercially prepared table salt to help prevent deficiencies of this essential mineral. Which gland requires iodine to function properly

A

thyroid

33
Q

the hormone that acts to negatively inhibit TSH is

A

thyroxin

34
Q

which of the following occurs with the exhalation of air from human lungs

A

the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases

35
Q

primary gas exchange in a mammalian respiratory system typically takes place in the

A

alveoli

36
Q

when you hold your breath, which of the following blood gases changes first leads to the urge to breathe?

A

rising CO2

37
Q

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the

A

epiglottis

38
Q

the entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs is called

A

breathing

39
Q

the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood occurs by the process of

A

diffusion

40
Q

countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize

A

diffusion

41
Q

through which one of the following respiratory structures can oxygen diffuse into the blood

A

O2 can diffuse through all these structures

42
Q

in negative pressure filling, air moves into the lungs when

A

the volume of the thoracic cavity increases

43
Q

the blood level of which gas is most important in controlling human respiration rate

A

carbon dioxide

44
Q

mammals fill their lungs through a process most accurately referred to as

A

negative pressure filling

45
Q

how is most of the CO2 transported by the blood in humans

A

bicarbonate ions in the plasma

46
Q

Hyddrogen ionsn produced in human red cells are prevented from significantly lowering pH by combining with

A

hemoglobin

47
Q

the type of respiration in which gases are exchanged between the blood and tissue fluid is termed

A

internal respiration

48
Q

with rare exceptions, the majority of oxygen is tranpsorted in the blood of vertebrates

A

by binding to hemoglobin in erythrocytes

49
Q

arrange the following locations in the order that describes the path of carbon dioxide in an insect

A

ii, iii, iv, i

outside the insect, spiracles, tracheoles, cells

Bio Final (7 decks)

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