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OSX-1002 - Marine Biology Practical 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hermit crab that lives symbiotically with the sea anemone Adamsia palliata

A

Pagurus prideaux

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2
Q

Sea anemone that lives symbiotically with the hermit crab Pagurus prideaux

A

Adamsia carcinopados/Adamsia palliata

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3
Q

Green sea urchin

A

Psammechinus miliaris

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4
Q

Brittle star

A

Ophiura ophiura

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5
Q

Dead man’s fingers

A

Alcyonium digitatum

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6
Q

Common starfish

A

Asterias rubens

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7
Q

Curled octopus

A

Eledone cirrhosa

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8
Q

Brown shrimp

A

Crangon crangon

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9
Q

Brittle star (small)

A

Ophiura albida

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10
Q

Sand sea star

A

Astropecten irregularis

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11
Q

Common whelk

A

Buccinum undatum

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12
Q

Sea-lemon nudibranch

A

Archidoris pseudoargus

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13
Q

Sea mouse

A

Aphrodita aculeata

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14
Q

Common brittle star

A

Ophiothrix fragilis

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15
Q

Brown seaweed #1

A

Laminaria digitata

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16
Q

Brown seaweed #2

A

Laminaria hyperborea

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17
Q

Brown seaweed #3

A

Saccharina latissima (formerly Laminaria saccharina)

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18
Q

Brown seaweed (bladder wrack)

A

Fucus vesiculosus

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19
Q

Brown seaweed (toothed wrack)

A

Fucus serratus

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20
Q

Brown seaweed (Spiral wrack)

A

Fucus spiralis

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21
Q

Brown seaweed #4

A

Pelvetia canaliculata

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22
Q

Brown seaweed #5

A

Ascophyllum nodosum

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23
Q

Green seaweed (sea lettuce)

A

Ulva lactuca

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24
Q

Green seaweed #1

A

Ulva intestinalis (was known as Enteromorpha)

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25
Q

Green seaweed #2

A

Cladophora rupestris

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26
Q

Red seaweed (false Irish moss)

A

Mastocarpus stellatus

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27
Q

Red seaweed (Irish moss)

A

Chondrus crispus

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28
Q

Red seaweed #1

A

Polysiphonia lanosa

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29
Q

Red seaweed #2

A

Porphyra purpurea

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30
Q

Red seaweed #3

A

Corallina officinalis

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31
Q

Misc. seaweed #1

A

Lomentaria articulata

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32
Q

Misc. seaweed (red hornweed)

A

Ceramium virgatum

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33
Q

Misc. seaweed #2

A

Phycodrys rubens

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34
Q

Misc. seaweed #3

A

Cryptopleura ramosa

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35
Q

Misc. seaweed #4

A

Himanthalia elongata

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36
Q

Talitrus saltator

A

Characteristic strand-line species.

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37
Q

Haustorius arenarius and Urothoe spp

A

Both species usually typical of upper mid-shore level.
Hard to tell apart at first sight.
•Eyes visible on Urothoe;
•Distinctive broad and armoured pereiopods 6 & 7 in Hautorius

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38
Q

Bathyporeia spp.

A

Usually typical of mid-shore level.
Characteristic geniculate 1st antenna. Several species may be present; differentiated by arrangement of setae on (and shape of) the posterior epimeral plate (3).

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39
Q

Eurydice pulchra and Eurydice affinis

A

Both species typical of mid-shore level, emerging to scavange/predate at high water – have very strong circa-tidal activity pattern.
Note the stronger pigmentation in E. pulchra, over all body surface, much sparser in E. affinis. Also can be distinguished by shape of the last coxal plates on pereon segment 6

40
Q

Nephtys spp.

A

Usually typical of mid-shore to low water

41
Q

Spionidae

A

Characteristic palps and gills arching over.

•The chaetigers (body segments), usually with 2 or 4 distinct eyes.

42
Q

Scololepis squamata

A

Usually typical of mid-shore level

43
Q

Eteone spp.

A

Mid shore levels

44
Q

Scoloplos armiger

A

Usually typical of low up to mid-shore level, also found sublittorally

45
Q

Hediste diversicolor

A

Usually typical of low up to mid-shore level

46
Q

Donax vittatus

A

From mid-shore to depths of around 20 m, burrowing in sandy sediments.
It is often abundant on moderately exposed sandy shores.

47
Q

Portumnus latipes

A

Usually low water stations and into sublittoral

48
Q

Gastrosaccus spinifer

A

Usually low water stations and into sublittoral.

Some years: can be spread more up the shore

49
Q

Barnacle #1

A

Semibalanus balanoides

50
Q

Barnacle #2

A

Chthamalus montagui

51
Q

Common limpet

A

Patella vulgata

52
Q

Rough limpet

A

Patella ulyssiponensis

53
Q

Flat top shell

A

Gibbula umbilicalis

54
Q

Lined top shell

A

Osilinus lineatus

55
Q

Common periwinkle

A

Littorina littorea

56
Q

Periwinkle

A

Littorina mariae

57
Q

Flat periwinkle

A

Littorina obtusata

58
Q

Rough periwinkle

A

Littorina saxatilis

59
Q

Beadlet anenome

A

Actinia equina

60
Q

Common mussel

A

Mytilus edulis

61
Q

Brown crab

A

Cancer pagurus

62
Q

Shore crab

A

Carcinus maenas

63
Q

Dog whelk

A

Nucella lapillus

64
Q

Common sea urchin

A

Echinus esculentus

65
Q

Antennae

A

A pair of mobile appendages on the heads of crustaceans that are often whip-like and respond to touch and taste but may be specialized for swimming or attachment. A typical antenna can be divided into 3 regions; the scape (i.e. its base), the pedicel (i.e. the mid-region) and the flagellum (i.e. its tip).

66
Q

Antennal Scale

A

Blade-like feature at the base (scape) of antennae. Also termed the scaphocerite.

67
Q

Carapace

A

Fused thoracic segments, forming a hard exoskeleton of decapods crustaceans.

68
Q

Chela

A

A pincer-like structure, formed from the terminal segments of crustacean limbs.

69
Q

Crustacean Limb Structure

A

Coxa/coxal plate –> basis –> ischium –> merus –> carpus –> propodus –> dactylus.
Several sections can be modified (particularly the dactylus and propodus in decapods, forming the chela) to form structures that are characteristic to crustaceans, and are thus key in successfully identifying many species of crustacean.

70
Q

Dextral Coil

A

Relating to a shell that coils in an ‘anti-clockwise’ direction (as opposed to a clockwise-coiling sinistral shell).

71
Q

Dorso-Ventrally Flattened

A

An anatomical description of something compressed between dorsal (i.e. back, where relevant, spinal) and ventral (i.e. front). 90° or perpendicular to the lateral axis.

72
Q

Eyestalk

A

A stem-like feature connected to the eye.

73
Q

Flagellum

A

In relation to antennae, this is the terminal section.

74
Q

Geniculate

A

In relation to antennae, this word describes antennae that appear to be bent at approximately 90° in relation to its base (termed its scape).

75
Q

Lateral Compression

A

An anatomical description of something compacted from the sides.

76
Q

Natantia

A

All ‘swimming’ decapods (i.e. ‘10-legged’) crustaceans, including several species of prawns and shrimps.

77
Q

Pereopod

A

Walking legs, used also for gathering food.

78
Q

Pleopods

A

Primarily swimming legs, but are equally important in egg brooding (except in prawns).

79
Q

Pleotelson

A

A fusion between part of the pleon (i.e. the abdomen or hind region of decapods crustaceans) and the telson. Common in isopods.

80
Q

Reptantia

A

All ‘walking’ decapod (i.e. ’10-legged’) crustaceans. 4 infraorders, including lobsters, crayfish, brachyuran crabs (i.e. true crabs, such as the common shore crab and edible brown crab) and anomuran crabs (i.e. porcelain crabs, squat lobsters and hermit crabs).

81
Q

Rostrum

A

Beak-like projection of the anterior part of the head of certain crustaceans.

82
Q

Statocyst

A

A sac-like structure which contains a mineralised mass and numerous sensory setae or fine hairs. This is believed to be involved in the ‘balance’ of many crustacean species, and is a key characteristic feature of certain Mysid shrimps.

83
Q

Telson

A

Along with the uropods, makes up the tail fan of many decapods crustaceans.

84
Q

Thoracic Segments

A

Segments relating to the mid-section of decapods crustaceans, between the head and the abdomen.

85
Q

Uropod

A

Along with the telson, makes up the tail fan of many decapods crustaceans.

86
Q

Biramous

A

Literally ‘two-branched’. In terms of parapods, this refers to their modification into two branches; one dorsal and one ventral).

87
Q

Palps

A

A pair of tactile organs arising from the head or anterior end of certain annelid worms.

88
Q

Parapods

A

Paddle-like structures used for swimming in errant polychaete worms. They occur in pairs on certain segments, with their location and form specific to a single species of worm, thus a key feature in identifying polychaete worms.

89
Q

Prostomium

A

The portion of the head in annelid worms that is situated anterior to the mouth.

90
Q

Tentacles

A

Any of various elongated flexible organs that occur near the mouth in many invertebrates and are used for feeding, grasping etc.

91
Q

Uniramous

A

Literally ‘single branch’.

92
Q

Thallus

A

Used to define the whole organism. Including stipe / fronds etc.

93
Q

Holdfast

A

Anchors algae to the benthos. Has no other root-like role.

94
Q

Stipe

A

Connects the blade to the holdfast. Is usually very strong.

95
Q

Blade

A

Usually found on large brown algae.

96
Q

Bladders

A

Known as pneumatocysts, these are gas filled and keep the thallus upright when immersed.

97
Q

Receptacles

A

Sex organs on large brown algae.

OSX-1002 - Marine Biology Practical 1 (2 decks)

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