Exam 2

Question 1

striated and voluntary

Answer 1

skeletal muscle

Question 2

striated and involuntary

Answer 2

cardiac muscle

Question 3

not striated and involuntary

Answer 3

smooth muscle

Question 4

skeletal muscle cell

Answer 4

muscle fiber

Question 5

bundles of thick and thin filaments

Answer 5

myofibrils

Question 6

attached to bone and innervated by somatic motor neurons

Answer 6

skeletal muscle

Question 7

attached to one another and controlled by autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

cardiac, smooth muscle

Question 8

activation of force generating sites in cross bridges

Answer 8

contraction

Question 9

deactivation of force generating sites

Answer 9

relaxation

Question 10

composed of myoisn

Answer 10

thick filaments

Question 11

made of 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains

Answer 11

myosin

Question 12

attach thick and thin filaments

Answer 12

cross-bridges

Question 13

made of actin, troponin, tropomyosin, nebuiln

Answer 13

thin filaments

Question 14

play a role in thin filament assembely

Answer 14

nebulin

Question 15

unit of repeating pattern of thick and thin filaments

Answer 15

sarcomere

Question 16

lies between ends of a band of 2 adjacent sarcomeres; contain only thing filaments

Answer 16

I bands

Question 17

narrow light band in the center of A band; contain only thick filaments

Answer 17

H zone

Question 18

center of the H zone

Answer 18

m- line

Question 19

boundary of each sarcomere; anchor end of each thin filament

Answer 19

z line

Question 20

prevents excessive stretch and anchor thick filament together

Answer 20

titin

Question 21

consist of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates and thus controls

Answer 21

motor unit

Question 22

response of a singe muscle fiber to a brief stimulus

Answer 22

simple twitch

Question 23

time between reaching threshold and onset of contraction; AP spreads along muscle and allow calcium to be released from SR

Answer 23

latent period

Question 24

modified cytoplasm outside SR

Answer 24

sacroplasm

Question 25

membrane of myocytes; capable of propagating AP to all sarcomere via transverse tubules

Answer 25

sarcolemma

Question 26

myosin cross bridges bind to actin and the corssbridges then flex to slide actin

Answer 26

contraction

Question 27

myosin filament bind to and move actin filaments; basis for contraction of stimulated skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles

Answer 27

sliding filament theory

Question 28

bring action potential into skeletal muscle fibers so the wave of depolarization passes close to the SR stimulating the release of Ca+2

Answer 28

transverse tubules

Question 29

located on the SR and and allows Ca+2 calcium release into cytosol

Answer 29

ryanodine receptor

Question 30

binds to calcium causing conformational change in tropomyosin

Answer 30

troponin

Question 31

pulls tropomyosin of the myosin bind site of actin

Answer 31

calcium-troponin complex

Question 32

point of synaptic contact between the axon-terminal of a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

Answer 32

neuromuscular junction

Question 33

force generated by muscle on object

Answer 33

tension

Question 34

force generated on the muscle

Answer 34

load

Question 35

muscle length stays the same tension increase rapidly and dissipates slowly

Answer 35

isometric contraction

Question 36

tension does not change; shortening occurs slowly only after taking up elastic tension and the relaxing muscle quickly returns to its resting length

Answer 36

isotonic contraction

Question 37

partial dissipation of elastic tension between subsequent stimuli

Answer 37

unfused tetanus

Question 38

no time for dissipation of elastic tension between rapidly reoccurring stimuli

Answer 38

fused tetanus

Question 39

actin filaments lack room to slide so little tension can be developed

Answer 39

short sacromere

Question 40

lots of actin and myosin overlap and plenty of room to slide

Answer 40

optimal length sacromere

Question 41

acting and myosin don't overlap much so little tension developed

Answer 41

long sarcomere

Question 42

lose in ability to maintain tension despite stimulation

Answer 42

fatigue

Question 43

contract slowly and respond to repetitive stimulation without fatigue

Answer 43

slow-oxidative muscle; type 1

Question 44

responds quickly and to repetitive stimulation with intermediate rate of fatigue

Answer 44

fast-oxidative glycolytic muscle; type IIa

Question 45

used for quick burst of strong activity

Answer 45

fast glycolytic muscle; type IIb

Question 46

proportion of the body size dependent on how many interneurons it has

Answer 46

motor homunculus

Question 47

muscle acts as a single unit; synchronous contractions

Answer 47

single unit smooth muscle

Question 48

cells respond independently

Answer 48

multi-unit smooth muslce

Question 49

gab junctions

Answer 49

channel that allow current to flow form one cell to another

Question 50

plasma and cells

Answer 50

blood

Question 51

red blood cells

Answer 51

erthorocytes

Question 52

white blood cells

Answer 52

leukocytes

Question 53

blood clott cells

Answer 53

platelets

Question 54

gives blood its red color

Answer 54

hemoglobin

Question 55

separates two sides of heart

Answer 55

septum

Question 56

hear msucle

Answer 56

myocardium

Question 57

heart rate time stroke volume

Answer 57

cardiac out put

Question 58

determine the heart rate

Answer 58

auto-rhythmic pacemaker cells

Question 59

cells determine the stroke volume

Answer 59

contractile cells

Question 60

rapid opening of voltage gated sodium channels

Answer 60

depolarization phase

Question 61

opening of potassium channels

Answer 61

repolarization phase

Question 62

cluster of pacemaker cells

Answer 62

sinoatrial node