exam 2

Question 1

population

Answer 1

group of species in same area competing for resources

Question 2

population ecology

Answer 2

how population interacts with environmental factors

Question 3

exponential growth

Answer 3

nothing to stop it – population grows, offspring produces more offspring, etc. j-shaped growth curve. ex. rabbits

Question 4

logistic growth

Answer 4

grows until carrying capacity – then slows down. s-shaped curve. ex. wolves

Question 5

density-dependent factors

Answer 5

issues impacted by population density (food shortage)

Question 6

density-independent factors

Answer 6

issues to a population not impacted by density (floods, fires)

Question 7

r-selected species

Answer 7

lot of offspring, 1 or 2 survive. little parental care (ex. insects)

Question 8

k-selected species

Answer 8

few offspring, lot of parental care (ex. elephants)

Question 9

births in population

Answer 9

Impacted by species, food availability, stress on species

Question 10

Death in species

Answer 10

Varies by species, environmental factors

Question 11

Immigration

Answer 11

Moving from one population to another

Question 12

Emigration

Answer 12

Leave population, move to new area. Helps to avoid competition

Question 13

Intraspecific interactions

Answer 13

Species members compete for resources:
Population crash, Strong survive
Individuals also survive by taking territory, out-conquering
Stress related diseases—overcrowding—faster disease spread

Question 14

Interspecific competition

Answer 14

Predator-prey: keeps population in check

mutualism – both species benefit.

Question 15

prey/predator growth

Answer 15

lot of prey – predator grows (more resources). eventually, food for prey runs out – pred. growth.
prey population crash = predator pop. crash

Question 16

desert locust

Answer 16

stressed, leave desert, grow wings, swarm an area. one swarm – 50-100b locusts. can consume as much food in one day to feed 500k people for a year

Question 17

human population/growth rate

Answer 17

7.7 billion – 1.09%

Question 18

rate of growth

Answer 18

b + i - d - e

Question 19

demographics

Answer 19

births, deaths, distribution, pop. size

Question 20

crude birth rate

Answer 20

births per year per 1k people

Question 21

total fertility rate

Answer 21

number of kids born to average woman during life

Question 22

crude death rate

Answer 22

deaths per 1k persons/year

Question 23

natural increase

Answer 23

crude death rate - crude birth rate

Question 24

life expectancy

Answer 24

average death age

Question 25

rapidly growing pop.

Answer 25

population is wide at bottom, decreases as it goes up. lot of young people who will grow into reproductive age – have kids – no decrease in fertility rate

Question 26

stable pop.

Answer 26

same number of people in each age group. roughly even graph top to bottom

Question 27

declining pop.

Answer 27

more old people than young people. big middle section of graph, smaller top and bottom

Question 28

I = PAT

Answer 28

environmental impact = population * affluence * tech

Question 29

enviro health

Answer 29

external disease-causing factors + elements of natural, social, cultural, tech worlds

Question 30

pathogens

Answer 30

disease causing organisms

Question 31

emergent diseases

Answer 31

diseases not known or absent last 20 years

Question 32

pesticide resistance

Answer 32

overuse of few drugs and pesticides – marla