exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

population

A

group of species in same area competing for resources

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2
Q

population ecology

A

how population interacts with environmental factors

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3
Q

exponential growth

A

nothing to stop it – population grows, offspring produces more offspring, etc. j-shaped growth curve. ex. rabbits

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4
Q

logistic growth

A

grows until carrying capacity – then slows down. s-shaped curve. ex. wolves

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5
Q

density-dependent factors

A

issues impacted by population density (food shortage)

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6
Q

density-independent factors

A

issues to a population not impacted by density (floods, fires)

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7
Q

r-selected species

A

lot of offspring, 1 or 2 survive. little parental care (ex. insects)

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8
Q

k-selected species

A

few offspring, lot of parental care (ex. elephants)

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9
Q

births in population

A

Impacted by species, food availability, stress on species

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10
Q

Death in species

A

Varies by species, environmental factors

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11
Q

Immigration

A

Moving from one population to another

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12
Q

Emigration

A

Leave population, move to new area. Helps to avoid competition

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13
Q

Intraspecific interactions

A

Species members compete for resources:
Population crash, Strong survive
Individuals also survive by taking territory, out-conquering
Stress related diseases—overcrowding—faster disease spread

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14
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Predator-prey: keeps population in check

mutualism – both species benefit.

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15
Q

prey/predator growth

A

lot of prey – predator grows (more resources). eventually, food for prey runs out – pred. growth.
prey population crash = predator pop. crash

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16
Q

desert locust

A

stressed, leave desert, grow wings, swarm an area. one swarm – 50-100b locusts. can consume as much food in one day to feed 500k people for a year

17
Q

human population/growth rate

A

7.7 billion – 1.09%

18
Q

rate of growth

A

b + i - d - e

19
Q

demographics

A

births, deaths, distribution, pop. size

20
Q

crude birth rate

A

births per year per 1k people

21
Q

total fertility rate

A

number of kids born to average woman during life

22
Q

crude death rate

A

deaths per 1k persons/year

23
Q

natural increase

A

crude death rate - crude birth rate

24
Q

life expectancy

A

average death age

25
rapidly growing pop.
population is wide at bottom, decreases as it goes up. lot of young people who will grow into reproductive age -- have kids -- no decrease in fertility rate
26
stable pop.
same number of people in each age group. roughly even graph top to bottom
27
declining pop.
more old people than young people. big middle section of graph, smaller top and bottom
28
I = PAT
environmental impact = population * affluence * tech
29
enviro health
external disease-causing factors + elements of natural, social, cultural, tech worlds
30
pathogens
disease causing organisms
31
emergent diseases
diseases not known or absent last 20 years
32
pesticide resistance
overuse of few drugs and pesticides -- marla