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Psychopharm > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug-induced supersensitivity

A

Is produced primarily by psychopharmacological antagonists

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2
Q

Which of the following drugs would not produce the symptoms: tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, & pyrexia?

A

Morphine

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3
Q

Increased firing of descending _______ neurons, innervating ________ interneurons within the VTA leads to hypofunction of _______ neurons innervating the frontal lobes of schizophrenic patients is hypothesized to explain the ________ symptoms.

A

Glutamate, GABA, dopamine, negative

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4
Q

The most active ingredient in KHAT is

A

Cathinone

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5
Q

Cocaines ability to act as a local anesthetic is due to

A

The blockade of sodium channels

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6
Q

Lithium treatment appears to require the activation of signaling by which of the following neurotransmitters

A

VGT

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7
Q

Which of the following statements about LSD is true

A

The psychological effects of LSD far out last its presence in the brain

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8
Q

The hallucinogen Salvinorin A is thought to act at the ________ type receptor

A

Opiate

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9
Q

Stimulating ________ Receptors can relieve anxiety

A

Serotonin

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10
Q

Depressed people

A

Have a shortened REM latency, the time it takes them to enter dreams sleep

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11
Q

The permissive theory of depression and mania states that

A

5-HT is depressed and NE is elevated to be manic

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12
Q

Ketamine can reverse the symptoms of depression within ______ by increasing the levels of ________

A

One day, BDNF

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13
Q

Which of the following drugs is an antagonist at its receptor site

A

Scopolamine

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14
Q

Ratings of religiosity and spirituality in inversely correlated with the number of _________ receptors in humans

A

Serotonin

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15
Q

The actions of amphetamine include all the following except

A

Post synaptic receptor antagonist

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16
Q

Long term amphetamine use is associated with permanent vascular damage in the brain because

A

There is an abrupt increase in blood pressure in the small vessels of the brain

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17
Q

Which of the following conditions would induce depression

A

All of the above

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18
Q

Projections from raphe nuclei release ______ onto cortical _______ receptors that are targets of many hallucinogens

A

Seratonin, 5HT2A

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19
Q

The euphoriant properties of cocaine could probably be significantly reduced by taking

A

A dopamine receptor antagonist

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20
Q

Contents of the spice nutmeg are converted in the body into

A

Ecstasy

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21
Q

Without iron the rate limiting enzyme ______ is unable to produce enough precursors for the neurotransmitter _____ Leading to a depressed arousal

A

Tyrosine hydroxylase, norepinephrine

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22
Q

Blocking the voltage dependent Na+ dependent channels on neurons probably is the reason that Kaven is able to produce which of these effects

A

Analgesia

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23
Q

The peripheral symptoms due to simulation of the postganglionic sympathetic nervous system by amphetamine would not include

A

Bradycardia

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24
Q

Which of the following is false about Psilocybin

A

Psilocybin is the active ingredient in Amanita muscaria mushroom

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25
Q

The enkephalin neurons in the spinal cord are responsible for getting pain inputs receive descending innervations and a regulated by _______ neurons

A

Serotonin

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26
Q

Reserpine Produces which of the following

A

Slowed heart rate

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27
Q

Genuine smile’s

A

Are initiated by dopamine dependent activity in the basil ganglia striatum Areas of the brain

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28
Q

Euphoria seems to be related to activity in which brain pathway

A

Mesolimbic mesocortical pathway from the VTA

29
Q

Simulation of serotonin neural autoreceptor 5HT1A would initially cause

A

Decreased neural activity, similar to that produced by the action of LSD

30
Q

What do mescaline MDMA and MDA Have in common

A

They all share a structural similarities to dopamine

31
Q

The “cheese affect“ is due to indigestion

A

Tyramine

32
Q

The “cheese effect” is most often seen when drugs

A

Inhibit MAO

33
Q

Why was combining cocaine with wine such an economic success for Angelo mariani

A

In order to decrease the unpleasant aspects of cocaine use

34
Q

Which of the following drugs would likely reduce the euphoriant affects of cocaine

A

The antipsychotic thorazine

35
Q

Which of the following is a rebound symptom of cocaine abuse

A

Hyperhagia (eating a lot)

36
Q

The principal actions of cocaine are

A

The blockade of reuptake of serotonin and dopamine

37
Q

Chronic exposure to cocaine results in time dependent and transient re-organization of

A

Glutamate receptors in nucleus accumbens

38
Q

The purpose of vitamin C in synaptic vesicles containing dopamine Is

A

To prevent the oxidation of dopamine molecule prior to release

39
Q

The pre-frontal cortex controls impulsivity by

A

Inhibiting the nucleus accumbens neurons

40
Q

Eating can we come addicted by involving _____ neurons within the _____

A

Orexin, VTA

41
Q

According to the permissive theory of depression the reason that a person becomes depressed after ingesting reserpine is because

A

They have depleted their vascular store as of norepinephrine and serotonin

42
Q

When humans are given a diet deficient in ______ their ability to activate their ______ neurons is reduced

A

Tyrosine dopamine

43
Q

Activitiy in the _____ can be motivated to determine the brains _______ Response to oral food stimulation or addicting drugs

A

Retina dopamine

44
Q

The standard dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia predict that

A

Elevated dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway is responsible for positive symptoms

45
Q

Reduced levels of dysbinin expression are associated with which neurotransmitter system in the brains of patients with schizophrenia

A

Glutamate

46
Q

GLU-GABA-GLU-GABA-DA neural circulatory hypothesis for schizophrenia predict that _____ at the _____ Receptor is responsible for both the positive and negative symptoms

A

Hypofunction glutamate NDMA

47
Q

The presence of too many ____ cells in the ____ May account for hyper arousal seen in patients with schizophrenia

A

Norepinephrine LC

48
Q

Puesdo-Parkinsonism can be produced by

A

Dopamine receptor antagonists

49
Q

Schizophrenics display _____ when trying to ____

A

Hypofrontality Perform card sorting task

50
Q

Methylphenidate helps people with ADHD bc it can

A

Induce the release of serotonin

51
Q

Illness increases the expression of _____ Which contributes to the anxiety and depression

A

Pro-inflammatory cytokines

52
Q

Decreased _____ results in deficiencies in _____ resulting in increased food intake and risk of developing ____

A

BDNF serotonin obesity

53
Q

The locus coeruleus projection containing the NT ______ to the hippocampus is essential for excessive induced ______ expression

A

Norepinephrine BDNF

54
Q

Pseudo-Parkinsonism is due to lack of _____ receptors that are on _______ neurons within the striatum

A

Dopamine acetylcholine

55
Q

Most of the serotonin in the human body is found within

A

The gastrointestinal system

56
Q

Illness decreases the expression of ____ receptors That contribute to depression and anxiety

A

Serotonin

57
Q

The GLU-GABA-GKU-GABA-DA neural activity that occurs within the ventral tegmental area that allows for the appearance of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia involves the activation of which type of receptors in the GABA internueron

A

AMPA

58
Q

Loss of school-dependent Function in the frontal cortex of schizophrenics may be due to which of the following mechanisms

A

Schizophrenia patients have fewer functioning nicotinic receptors that are being inhibited by kynurenic acid

59
Q

Which of the following statements about schizophrenia and nicotine use is true

A

Nicotine stabilizers LTD in the schizophrenic brain through a complex interaction between GABA-ERGIC and acetylcholine does reducing the prevalence of negative symptoms

60
Q

Patients with ADHD and schizophrenia share this important feature of their disorder

A

Under active frontal lobe dopamine release associated with an under-active frontal lobe function

61
Q

Antagonist of beta-andrenergic receptors are used to reduce _____ responses and ____ blood pressure

A

Sympathetic reduce

62
Q

The vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT can be blocked by

A

Reserpine

63
Q

The presence of information in the brain can cause _____ in the level of tryprophan and ____ in the level of kynurenic acid

A

Decrease increase

64
Q

Fornication is associated with the use of which of the following drugs

A

Amphetamine

65
Q

Men are more valuable to stimulant use disorder is because

A

They have more robust drug-induced dopamine release than woman

66
Q

Which of the following statements is not true

A

Approximately 10% of depressed patients will spontaneously remit even if you are for no drug treatment

67
Q

A patient of schizophrenia treated for five years developed abnormal movement. The patient has

A

Tardive dyskinesia

68
Q

______ muscarinic receptors in the ______ with scopolamine reduces the tremors associated with drug treatments for Schizophrenia

A

Blocking basal ganglia

Psychopharm (1 decks)

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