Exam 2 Flashcards
Drug-induced supersensitivity
Is produced primarily by psychopharmacological antagonists
Which of the following drugs would not produce the symptoms: tachycardia, hypertension, mydriasis, & pyrexia?
Morphine
Increased firing of descending _______ neurons, innervating ________ interneurons within the VTA leads to hypofunction of _______ neurons innervating the frontal lobes of schizophrenic patients is hypothesized to explain the ________ symptoms.
Glutamate, GABA, dopamine, negative
The most active ingredient in KHAT is
Cathinone
Cocaines ability to act as a local anesthetic is due to
The blockade of sodium channels
Lithium treatment appears to require the activation of signaling by which of the following neurotransmitters
VGT
Which of the following statements about LSD is true
The psychological effects of LSD far out last its presence in the brain
The hallucinogen Salvinorin A is thought to act at the ________ type receptor
Opiate
Stimulating ________ Receptors can relieve anxiety
Serotonin
Depressed people
Have a shortened REM latency, the time it takes them to enter dreams sleep
The permissive theory of depression and mania states that
5-HT is depressed and NE is elevated to be manic
Ketamine can reverse the symptoms of depression within ______ by increasing the levels of ________
One day, BDNF
Which of the following drugs is an antagonist at its receptor site
Scopolamine
Ratings of religiosity and spirituality in inversely correlated with the number of _________ receptors in humans
Serotonin
The actions of amphetamine include all the following except
Post synaptic receptor antagonist
Long term amphetamine use is associated with permanent vascular damage in the brain because
There is an abrupt increase in blood pressure in the small vessels of the brain
Which of the following conditions would induce depression
All of the above
Projections from raphe nuclei release ______ onto cortical _______ receptors that are targets of many hallucinogens
Seratonin, 5HT2A
The euphoriant properties of cocaine could probably be significantly reduced by taking
A dopamine receptor antagonist
Contents of the spice nutmeg are converted in the body into
Ecstasy
Without iron the rate limiting enzyme ______ is unable to produce enough precursors for the neurotransmitter _____ Leading to a depressed arousal
Tyrosine hydroxylase, norepinephrine
Blocking the voltage dependent Na+ dependent channels on neurons probably is the reason that Kaven is able to produce which of these effects
Analgesia
The peripheral symptoms due to simulation of the postganglionic sympathetic nervous system by amphetamine would not include
Bradycardia
Which of the following is false about Psilocybin
Psilocybin is the active ingredient in Amanita muscaria mushroom
The enkephalin neurons in the spinal cord are responsible for getting pain inputs receive descending innervations and a regulated by _______ neurons
Serotonin
Reserpine Produces which of the following
Slowed heart rate
Genuine smile’s
Are initiated by dopamine dependent activity in the basil ganglia striatum Areas of the brain
Euphoria seems to be related to activity in which brain pathway
Mesolimbic mesocortical pathway from the VTA
Simulation of serotonin neural autoreceptor 5HT1A would initially cause
Decreased neural activity, similar to that produced by the action of LSD
What do mescaline MDMA and MDA Have in common
They all share a structural similarities to dopamine
The “cheese affect“ is due to indigestion
Tyramine
The “cheese effect” is most often seen when drugs
Inhibit MAO
Why was combining cocaine with wine such an economic success for Angelo mariani
In order to decrease the unpleasant aspects of cocaine use
Which of the following drugs would likely reduce the euphoriant affects of cocaine
The antipsychotic thorazine
Which of the following is a rebound symptom of cocaine abuse
Hyperhagia (eating a lot)
The principal actions of cocaine are
The blockade of reuptake of serotonin and dopamine
Chronic exposure to cocaine results in time dependent and transient re-organization of
Glutamate receptors in nucleus accumbens
The purpose of vitamin C in synaptic vesicles containing dopamine Is
To prevent the oxidation of dopamine molecule prior to release
The pre-frontal cortex controls impulsivity by
Inhibiting the nucleus accumbens neurons
Eating can we come addicted by involving _____ neurons within the _____
Orexin, VTA
According to the permissive theory of depression the reason that a person becomes depressed after ingesting reserpine is because
They have depleted their vascular store as of norepinephrine and serotonin
When humans are given a diet deficient in ______ their ability to activate their ______ neurons is reduced
Tyrosine dopamine
Activitiy in the _____ can be motivated to determine the brains _______ Response to oral food stimulation or addicting drugs
Retina dopamine
The standard dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia predict that
Elevated dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway is responsible for positive symptoms
Reduced levels of dysbinin expression are associated with which neurotransmitter system in the brains of patients with schizophrenia
Glutamate
GLU-GABA-GLU-GABA-DA neural circulatory hypothesis for schizophrenia predict that _____ at the _____ Receptor is responsible for both the positive and negative symptoms
Hypofunction glutamate NDMA
The presence of too many ____ cells in the ____ May account for hyper arousal seen in patients with schizophrenia
Norepinephrine LC
Puesdo-Parkinsonism can be produced by
Dopamine receptor antagonists
Schizophrenics display _____ when trying to ____
Hypofrontality Perform card sorting task
Methylphenidate helps people with ADHD bc it can
Induce the release of serotonin
Illness increases the expression of _____ Which contributes to the anxiety and depression
Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Decreased _____ results in deficiencies in _____ resulting in increased food intake and risk of developing ____
BDNF serotonin obesity
The locus coeruleus projection containing the NT ______ to the hippocampus is essential for excessive induced ______ expression
Norepinephrine BDNF
Pseudo-Parkinsonism is due to lack of _____ receptors that are on _______ neurons within the striatum
Dopamine acetylcholine
Most of the serotonin in the human body is found within
The gastrointestinal system
Illness decreases the expression of ____ receptors That contribute to depression and anxiety
Serotonin
The GLU-GABA-GKU-GABA-DA neural activity that occurs within the ventral tegmental area that allows for the appearance of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia involves the activation of which type of receptors in the GABA internueron
AMPA
Loss of school-dependent Function in the frontal cortex of schizophrenics may be due to which of the following mechanisms
Schizophrenia patients have fewer functioning nicotinic receptors that are being inhibited by kynurenic acid
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia and nicotine use is true
Nicotine stabilizers LTD in the schizophrenic brain through a complex interaction between GABA-ERGIC and acetylcholine does reducing the prevalence of negative symptoms
Patients with ADHD and schizophrenia share this important feature of their disorder
Under active frontal lobe dopamine release associated with an under-active frontal lobe function
Antagonist of beta-andrenergic receptors are used to reduce _____ responses and ____ blood pressure
Sympathetic reduce
The vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT can be blocked by
Reserpine
The presence of information in the brain can cause _____ in the level of tryprophan and ____ in the level of kynurenic acid
Decrease increase
Fornication is associated with the use of which of the following drugs
Amphetamine
Men are more valuable to stimulant use disorder is because
They have more robust drug-induced dopamine release than woman
Which of the following statements is not true
Approximately 10% of depressed patients will spontaneously remit even if you are for no drug treatment
A patient of schizophrenia treated for five years developed abnormal movement. The patient has
Tardive dyskinesia
______ muscarinic receptors in the ______ with scopolamine reduces the tremors associated with drug treatments for Schizophrenia
Blocking basal ganglia
