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American Government > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

public opinion

A

shaped by many factors and sources

perception is reality

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2
Q

political pluralism

A

many conflicting groups have access to government officials that try to influence the shaping of public policy

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3
Q

factors that shape public opinion

A 
political socialization
school
economic class
religion
race and ethnicity
geography
group influence
media
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4
Q

polls

A

used to measure public opinion

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5
Q

polling sample types

A

random sample
cluster
quota sampling

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6
Q

political socialization

A

why you have the views/opinions you hold

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7
Q

political culture

A

geography, economy, patterns of immigration all shape a state’s political culture
equality, fairness, justice for all can cause conflict with personal interests

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8
Q

Federalist papers

A

worried about factions

laid the argument for ratification of the constitution

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9
Q

Federalist no. 10

A

addressed factions

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10
Q

interest groups

A

organization of people with shared goals that try to influence public policy

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11
Q

Sectional interest group

A

organized to represent various sections of the population

ex: labor unions, AMA

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12
Q

Promotional interest group

A

public interest groups
–changes or awareness
single/special issue groups
–NRA, NARAL

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13
Q

Fire Brigade interest group

A

come up when there is a major issue

–Iraq war, healthcare reform

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14
Q

Lobbying

A

how interest groups attempt to influence government officials to make decisions favorable to their goals

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15
Q

Political Action Committees (PACs)

A

promotes candidates that best support their interests with monetary support

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16
Q

Libel

A

false statements that harm someone

Hustler v Falwell (1988)

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17
Q

“Deep Throat”

A

source for Watergate Scandal, remained anonymous for 27 years

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18
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

NYT Co. v U.S (1971)
government lied about not knowing how badly lost the Vietnam war was and kept sending in troops. NYT published and gov retaliated so other papers picked it up.

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19
Q

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

A

makes information available to journalists, academics, and the public
anything touched by the president is subject to subpoena if the need arises

20
Q

FCC

A

licensing (no one owns airways)

decency (free channels are subject, networks must dedicate time to children’s shows)

21
Q

Equal Time Rule

A

network has to run equal ads for candidates up for re-election if they both want to run ads on the same channel

22
Q

Media effects theories

A

Minimal effects theory
Social learning theory
Cultivation theory
Agenda setting theory

23
Q

Minimal effects theory

A

deep seeded political attitudes are already set and thus the media will have a minimal impact

24
Q

Social learning theory

A

viewers will imitate what they see on screen; especially children

25
Q

Cultivation theory

A

heavy exposure to TV will influence your worldview

26
Q

Agenda setting theory

A

media is very influential in telling you what you need to know

27
Q

Functions in Political parties

A 
management
choice
bridge
link
recruitment
staffing
reconciliation (not currently practiced)
28
Q

Why do we have a 2 party system?

A

Winner take all system
Election laws are hurdles for 3rd parties
Centrist
Electoral College

29
Q

Realignment elections

A 
1800-Jefferson (1st)
1824-Jackson
1860-Lincoln (republicans)
1896-political parties switched ideologies
1912-Wilson (progressive era)
1932-FDR
1980-Reagan (conservative revolution)
2008-Obama (coalitions)
30
Q

Types of 3rd parties

A

Factional
Issue
Economic Protest
Ideological

31
Q

National Party Organization structure

A 
National committee
RNC/DNC
state central committee
district
precinct/local
32
Q

15th Amendment

A

1870

African- Americans given right to vote (men only ofc)

33
Q

19th Amendment

A

1920

Women given right to vote

34
Q

23rd Amendment

A

D.C residents given ability to vote

35
Q

24th Amendment

A

abolished poll tax

36
Q

26th Amendment

A

1971

changed voting age to 18

37
Q

Psychological voting factors

A

party identification, the candidates, the issues

38
Q

Sociological voting factors

A

class/income, education, religion, race, geography, primary groups, age, gender

39
Q

Pre-nomination campaign

A

invisible primary

fight to be seen as legitimate and possible front-runner

40
Q

Nomination campaign

A

primaries and caucuses

voter registration

41
Q

National Convention

A

VP selection

need majority of delegate to win party nomination

42
Q

General Election

A

270/battleground states

many solid red/blue states

43
Q

Electoral College Decision

A

if the candidate tie in the EC then president is decided by a vote in the HoR with each state getting 1 vote

44
Q

Gerrymandering

A

redistricting to benefit a party or race

Baker v Carr prohibited gerrymandering based on race; one person, one vote

45
Q

Buckley v Valeo

A

Buckley was funding his own campaign and SCOTUS ruled that he could because money is speech

46
Q

Citizens United v FEC

A

ruled corporate contributions to campaigns are free speech

American Government (2 decks)

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