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Systematic path > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing (subjective)

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2
Q

Causes of dysphagia

A

Motility dysfunction
Obstructive lesions
Hang up

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3
Q

Heart burn

A

Esophageal reflux (retrosternal pain, bitter tast)

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4
Q

What motion can instegate heart burn?

A

Intraabdominap pressure increase: bending over, laying down, heavy lifting and obesity

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5
Q

Odynophagia

A

Painful swallowing

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6
Q

What is associat d with odynophagia?

A

Acute esophageal inflammation and ulceration

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7
Q

Sliding hernia

A

90% of hernia cases

Gastroesophageal junction shifted above hiatus

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8
Q

Manifastation of sliding hernia symptoms occur when?

A 
50% asymtamatic
Heart burn (regurgitation) and with increased intraabdominal pressure
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9
Q

Paraesophageal hernia

A

Rolling hernia

Section of fundus reflected up through hiatus next to esophagus

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10
Q

What are the complications of paraesophageal herniations?

A

Postprandial bloating
Paraesophageal bleeding
Ulceration

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11
Q

Esophagitis

A

Contributes to esophageal mucosal injury

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12
Q

The potential risks of esophagitis are?

A

Erosion
Ulcers/bleeding
Metaplasia
Inflammatory scarring

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13
Q

Barretts espohagus (columnar cell metaplasia), mucosal inflamation, erosion and/or ulcers are associated with chronic or acute esophagitis?

A

Chronic esophagitis

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14
Q

Whar are the complications of acute and chronic esophagitis?

A

Ulceration
Dysphagia
Increaed risk of cancer

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15
Q

Morphology of esophageal carcinoma

A

Mostly squamous cell ca (except Barretts esophagus presenting with adenocarcinoma)

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16
Q

How will carcinoma of the esophagus present?

A 
Mechanical obstruction(solids more so)
Hematemsis
Poor prognosis (10% make it 5y)
17
Q

What are the effects of food and drink on Achalasia and carcinoma of the esophagus?

A

Achalasia- food and drink

Carcinoma- solids more

18
Q

What do Helicobacter pylori do?

A

Secretes enzymes that degrade mucin and produces ammonia.

The associated alkalinity stimulates HCL secretion

19
Q

Is acute gastritis reversable?

A

Yes

20
Q

25% of people taking aspirin daily might experiance what over time?

A

Acute gastritis

21
Q

The range of superficial g., atropic g. And gastric atrophy reffer to what kind of gastritis?

A

Chronic gastitis

22
Q

Autoantibodies against parietal cells and IF (intrensic factor) are what type of gastritis?

A

Chronic gastritis

Fundic- type A

23
Q

Fundic-type A is associated with what?

A

Loss of parietal cells and penicious anemia
Decrease iron absorp.
No ulcers
Increased risk g.ca (10%)

24
Q

What is a decrease in red blood cells when the body can’t absorb enough vitamin B-12 called?

A

Pernicious anemia

25
Q

What is Antral gastritis-type B?

A

80% most common
Mucosal atrophy
Dyspepsia
Increased risk chronic ulcers and g. ca (2-4%)

26
Q

Whar will contribute to type B (antral gastritis)?

A

Age, chronic duodenum reflux, alcohol abuse, aspirin and helicobacter pylori

27
Q

Percentages of those who are exposed to helicobacter pylory are asymptamatic or symptomatic.

A

Asymptomatic10-50% in US

Symptomatic 60-90% with type B

28
Q

Multiple shallow small ulcerative lesions with rapid onset are what?

A

Acute, stress ulcers

29
Q

Acute ulcerative burn lesions are called what and associated with what?

A

Curling’s

Circulatiry alterations leading to mucosal ischemia

30
Q

Acute ulcerative cranial/trauma lesions are called what and associated with what?

A

Cushing’s

Incresed HCL

31
Q

T/F

Are acute, stress ulcers irreversable?

A

F

32
Q

What does punched out referr to?

A

Seen in chronic peptic ulcers where there are distinct mucosal defects having smooth margins.

33
Q

Chronic peptic ulcer

A

Single lesions in regions exposed to peptic juices

34
Q

List common regions of the chronic peptic ulcer.

A 
Duodenum 
Stomach
Esophagus
Mechels diverticulum-(g. Mucosa)
Jejunum-(rare)
35
Q

Where are 98% of chronic peptic ulcers located?

A

Duodenum and stomach

36
Q

jejunal ulcers are associated with what?

A

Zillinger-Ellison syndrome

Systematic path (1 decks)

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