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PH 112 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

If the Earth´s tilt want 23.5 degrees, how would this change our seasons?

A

Yes, we wouldn’t have any seasons.

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2
Q

Summer solstice

A

June 21st

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3
Q

Winter Solstice

A

December 21st

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4
Q

Vernal Equinox

A

March 20th

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5
Q

Autumnal Equinox

A

September 22nd

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6
Q

What is a moon?

A

Is an astronomical body that orbits planet earth, being earth´s only natural permanent satellite.

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7
Q

Capture Theory

A

The moon formed elsewhere in the solar system and was captured by Earth.

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8
Q

Sister Theory

A

The moon formed together with (but independent of) Earth, as we believe many moons of the outer planets formed.

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9
Q

Fission Theory

A

The moon was once part of the Earth, but somehow separated from it early in their history.

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10
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

Lunar eclipses occur on a full moon and the earth blocks the sunlight from the moon.

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11
Q

Solar Eclipse

A

Solar eclipse is when the moon blocks sunlight from reaching earth.

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12
Q

Umbra

A

The area in which the shadow of an object is total, and the area in which a total solar eclipse is experience on earth.

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13
Q

Penumbra

A

The area in which the shadow of an object is partial and the area in which a partial solar eclipse is expirienced on earth.

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14
Q

Synchronous Rotation

A

The moon completes one full rotation in one full revolution around Earth.

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15
Q

Difference between neap tide and high tide

A

The neap tide is after the first quarter and the resulting tides are lower. Because it being pulled out more towards the moon.

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16
Q

Kepler‘ first law

A

Planetary orbits are ellipses.

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17
Q

Perihelion

A

The point I’m the orbit of a planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is closest to the sun.

18
Q

Aphelion

A

The point in the orbit of planet, asteroid, or comet at which it is furthest from the sun.

19
Q

Eccentricity

A

The deviation of a curve from being a circle.

20
Q

Kepler’s second law

A

As the planet moves around its orbit it sweeps out equal areas and equal times.

21
Q

Kepler‘s third law

A

More distant planets orbit the sun at slower average speeds obeying the relationship.

22
Q

Orbital period

A

P=orbital period in years

23
Q

Average distance from the sun

A

A=avg. distance from the sun in AU

24
Q

How are orbital period and average distance related?

A

P2=A3

25
Q

Newton’s first law

A

Every object will continue to be in a state of rest or move at a constant speed in a straight line unless it is compelled to change by an outside force.

26
Q

Newton’s second law

A

The change of motion of a body is proportional to an and in the direction of the force acting on it.

27
Q

Newton’s third law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

28
Q

Law of gravity

A

All objects on earth have been experimentally shown to fall with the same acceleration g=9.8 m/s2

29
Q

Order the planets

A

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

30
Q

How old is the solar system

A

4.5 billion years

31
Q

Diff between Terrestrial planets and Jovian planets

A

Terrestrial planets are relatively small worlds, composed of primarily of rock and metal.

Jovian planets are much larger and are composed primarily of lighter ices, liquids, and gases.

32
Q

Other bodies found in the solar system

A

Near the outer edge of the system lies Pluto which was the first of the distant icy worlds to be discovered beyond Neptune’s orbit. Also, asteroids , comets, and meteors.

33
Q

Asteroid Belt

A

It is between the terrestrial planets and the Jovian planets.

34
Q

What are meteors, meteorites, and meteoroids?

A

Meteors are found in earth’s atmosphere
Meteorites any piece that strikes the ground
Meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space

35
Q

Kuiper Belt

A

A region of the solar system beyond Neptune believed to contain many comets, asteroids, and other small bodies made largely of ice.

36
Q

Comet vs asteroid

A

Comet is mostly ice, made of frozen gases such as water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.

Asteroid is made of dust particles

37
Q

Solar system made

A

Stars and planets form from large clouds of dust and gas.

38
Q

Molecular clouds

A

Are large dense clouds of gas (mostly hydrogen and dust). Also called a stellar nursery.

39
Q

Protostars

A

1.Molecular-based core collapses under its own weight.

40
Q

Planetesimals

A

The in disk particles collide and stick.

PH 112 (4 decks)

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