exam 2 Flashcards
somatic S&S of a concussion
headache
cognitive S&S of a concussion
feeling in a fog
emotional symptoms of a concussion
changes in personality or mood
on-field assessment red flags
midline neck pain or tenderness, double vision, weakness or tingling/burning, severe or increasing headache, seizure or convulsion, loss of consciousness, deteriorating conscious state, vomiting, increasingly restless
observable signs of a concussion
lying motionless, balance issues, disorientation or confusion, blank look, facial injury
what tests memory assessment
maddock’s score
what is the Glasgow coma scale
eye response, verbal response, motor response
tests for cognitive screening
immediate memory, digits backwards, months in reverse
steps of the return to play protocol
symptom-limited activity light aerobic exercise sport specific exercise non-contact training drills full contact practice return to sport
symptom-limited activity
24-48 hours
daily activities that do not provoke symptoms
light aerobic exercise
walking, running, swimming, running, stationary bike
avoid resistance training
raise the HR
sport specific exercise
no concussion symptoms
movements without much decision making
no head impact activities
movement with increased HR
non-contact training drills
complex physical and cognitive demand
resistance training
exercise, cognition, coordination
full contact practice
normal team training activites
coaches assess for full return
return to replay
ready for return to play
return to school strategy
daily activities that do not recreate symptoms
school activities
return to school part time
return to school full time
daily activities that do not recreate symptoms
avoid screen time, reading and texting
gradual return to typical activities
school activities
homework, reading, other cognitive activities outside of classroom
increase tolerance to cognitive work
return to school part-time
gradual introduction
increase academic activities
return to school full-time
gradual process until a full day can be tolerated
return to full academic activities and catch up on missed work
what CNs are susceptible to trauma
3,4 and 8
how to begin a proprioception exam
distal to proximal
who recovers the quickest from concussions
professional athletes
symptoms of high school football players
migraine symptom cluster, reaction time, visual memory, verbal memory, dizziness
what is the 4th leading cause of mortality and chronic disability
cervical spine pain
risk factors for neck pain development
workplace psychosocial factors, high job strain with low support, self-perceived muscular tension
diffuse neck pain exacerbated by movements
mechanical neck pain, facet syndrome, muscle strain or sprain
pain in certain postures alleviated by positional change
upper cross postural syndromes
traumatic mechanism of injury, non-specific symptoms exacerbated by upright position and relieved when head and neck are supported
cervical instability
nonspecific neck pain with radiating symptoms into one arm
cervical radiculopathy
neck pain, bilateral upper extremity symptoms with occasional balance disturbance or coordination deficits
cervical myelopathy
disc derangement
end range loading, antalgia based criteria
joint dysfunction
palpation, extension-rotation, flexion-rotation
radiculopathy
brachial plexus tension, cervical rotation, distraction, foraminal compression
myofascial trigger point
palpation
ROM of cervical spine
flexion: 60
extension: 75
rotation: 80
lateral flexion: 45
non-neural contributors to stability
musculature
___ muscles inhibited in upper cross
intrinsic
___ muscles facilitated in upper cross
extrinsic
flexion: extension strength ration
60%
what is correlated with neck pain
reduced neck strength
what muscle supports the curve against the weight of the head
longus coli
what muscle is most injured in whiplash
longus coli
imbalanced muscles lead to tissue changes that my result in ___
inappropriate patterns of movement
common joint dysfunction
sternoclavicular joint, AC joint, thoracic and cervical facets
possible injuries of UE movement dysfunction
rotator cuff, shoulder instability, bicep tendonitis, TOS, headaches
movement evaluation
functional pattering, motor control, mobility
management
mobility, motor control, functional patterning
rounded shoulders
facilitated pecs
anterior head carriage
facilitated SCM
head extension
facilitated suboccipitals
elevation of shoulders
facilitated upper trap and levator scap
winging scap
inhibited serrates anterior
cervical flexion motor pattern fail
chin protrusion, overactive SCM, shaking
quadruped rockback muscles
levator scap, upper traps
corrective exercise continuum
inhibit techniques, lengthen techniques, activate techniques, integration techniques
inhibit techniques
self-myofascial release
lengthen techniques
static stretching, neuromuscular stretching
activate techniques
positional isometrics, isolated strengthening
integration techniques
integrated dynamic movements
increase in ___ degrees increases collagen formation
4
what is the George Costanza method
do the opposite of what you find
cervical extension syndrome
anterior head carriage, pain with extension, weak intrinsic flexors, HA in suboccipital region
cervical flexion syndrome
cervical hypolordosis, thoracic hypokyphosis, decreased flexion
mobility restrictions
ankle, hip, thoracic, GH, upper cervicals
stability limitations
knee, lumbar, scapula, lower cervicals
tight or overactive UE
pecs, deltoid, subscap, lat, levator scap, upper trap, teres major, SCM, scalenes, rectus capitits
weak or underactive UE
rhomboids, lower traps, teres minor, infraspinatus, serratus anterior, longus coli, longus capitis
tight or overactive LE
fibularis, gastroc, soleus, IT band, hamstring, adductor, psoas
weak or underactive LE
tibialis, flexors, vastus medialis, gracilis, sartorius, semitendinosus, glut max, external rotators, hip stabilizers
common LE joint dysfunction
MTP, subtalar, talocrural, prox tib/fib, SI, lumbar facets
possible LE movement injuries
plantar fasciitis, tendonitis, knee pain, LBP
thoracic spine thrust provides improvement in ___
mechanical neck pain
what is paradoxical breathing
elevating shoulders and relying on accessory muscles
what is diaphragm breathing
ribs move laterally
thoracic mobility tests
shoulder mobility, thoracic rotation, T4 wall angel
thoracic motor control tests
trunk stability push-up, quadruped rockback
thoracic functional patterning
deep squat, in-line lunge, chop/lift
wall angel
fail if thoracolumbar junction doesn’t flatten
wall slide
lat and pec stretching
arm elevation
hypertoned lats and pecs pulls into hyperextension
what does FIT stand for
frequency, intensity, time
thoracic extension mobilization
chair, ball, cat-camel, foam roller
quadruped rockback involves what muscle
levator scap
who invented the “cog wheel” model of posture
Brugger
