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Mythology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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Mythology flashcards
1
Q

Fates

A

Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos

Weaver, lengther or whatever, cutter

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2
Q

Poseidon

A

Bro Zeus
god of sea
“ earthquakes
“ horses and bulls

Looks like Zeus (middle aged, beard)
Sometimes more disheveled hair
Trident

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3
Q

Poseidon animal

A

“Sea” horses

Few stories with him as main character, just agent (flood)

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4
Q

Creatures associated with Poseidon

A

Cyclopes, Medusa, Pegasus, Scylla

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5
Q

Polyphemus…

A

… and Galatea (and Acis)
Tried to get her. Ugly cyclops, beautiful Neiriad, daughter of pos
Combing hair with rake, 100 reed pan flute, excuses for one eye
Polyphemus smash Acis with mountain
Blood - Sicilian river - became spirit

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6
Q

Apollo

A

“Young” god
Bow and arrow or lyre
youthful male existence
Son of Zeus and titan Leto

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7
Q

Apollo’s Domains

A

Poetry
Music
Archery/hunting

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8
Q

Apollo’s birthplace

A

Delos
Leto fled there, reluctantly allow her
Eilytheia (goddess of childbirth) kept away by Hera, eventually bribed to help

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9
Q

Apollo at…

A

… Delphi
Killed the Python with bow and arrow at the tender age of 4 days
Must be purified
Established oracle
Explain replacement of old belief at site (Ge-Themis/Earth-goddess worship)

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10
Q

Delphi

A

Site of Pythian Games (major Panhellenic festival)
Site of major oracle in Greek world (tied with Oracle of Dodona - Zeus)
Key site for receiving Apollo’s prophecies (through Pythian priestess)

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11
Q

Pythian priestess

A

Debate about what role she served
Lots of autonomy
High place at Delphi owes to older tradition associated with Python (perhaps an earlier Earth-goddess type)

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12
Q

Castilian Spring

A

Where Apollo killed Python

Place of purification for travelers and Pythian priestess

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13
Q

Apollo’s Relations

A

Both heterosexual and homosexual
Several end tragically
Male youth - young love/lust

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14
Q

Daphne

A

Laurel

Laurel crown for poets and athletes

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15
Q

Hyacinthus…

A

…And the jealous Zephyr (West Wind)

Threw discus, wind pushed it and killed Hyacinthus, blood flowed and made flower

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16
Q

Sibyl of Cumae

A

Roman
Depicted as raving, when inspired by the god
- not ready, raged, until he controlled her
Theme that god’s gift = bad

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17
Q

Cassandra

A

Concubine of Agamemnon
Given gift of prophecy by Apollo if she gave herself to him
Changed mind - Apollo asked for kiss, spit in her mouth, no one believes her fortunes

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18
Q

Apollo’s epithet

A

“Phoebus” - “shining”

Connected to Helios

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19
Q

Apollo and Helios

A

Can’t remember

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20
Q

Phaethon

A

Son of Helios and Cyrene
Approaches Helios to learn birthrite
Grants him wish on Styx
Ride chariot, can’t control, scorched Lybia, threatens Olympus, Zeus kills him, horses return to the West

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21
Q

Gnothi Seauton

A

“Know thyself”
Know your place
Saying at Oracle of Delphi

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22
Q

Hermès

A

Winged shoes
Traveler’s hat
Caduceus (messenger’s staff - don’t shoot the messenger) *
Young god

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23
Q

Hermès Domains

A 
Herald/messenger of the gods (primary role)
god of boundaries
god of thieves
Guide for travelers
god of herds (livestock)
Trickster god
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24
Q

Hermès as messenger

A

Intermediary between humans and gods (mainly Zeus)
Helps Zeus cheat
Function mirrors contemporary Greek and a Roman heralds

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25
Q

Homeric Hymns

A

Origin stories

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26
Q

Hermès origin story

A

Child of Zeus and Maia (daughter of Atlas)
Invented lyre from tortoise while in cave
Theft of Apollo’s cattle
I’m a baby!
Gave lyre to Apollo
Prophecy? Nah. Okay, best buddies

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27
Q

Liminal

A

Edge of boundaries and able to move freely from one to another

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28
Q

Athena

A

War helmet
Shield (aegis of Zeus) with Gorgons
Long peplos (dress)
Perennial virgin

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29
Q

Athena’s Domains

A

Textile production
Military strategy
Wisdom
Patron of heroes

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30
Q

Athena’s origin

A

Daughter of Zeus and Métis (“Cunning”)
Zeus heard prophecy from Gaia son with Métis overthrow him
Zeus swallows Métis
Zeus was assisted by Hep to deliver - ax to head

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31
Q

Athena and Arachne

A

Didn’t acknowledge Athena’s assistance
Visits, ignores advice
Compete
Athena tap - humans being punished by gods
Arachne - gods behaving badly
Athena beats her, she hangs herself, turns her into spider

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32
Q

Athena in Athens

A

Cecropia
Poseidon offer horses
Athena promised olive tree
Or footrace

33
Q

Athena Parthenos

A

“Athena the Maiden” in Parthenon
Nike in hand
Story of Pandora on base
Amazons vs Athens and Gigantomachy on shield ( and gorgon head)
Battle of Lapiths (neighboring community) with centaurs on sandals

34
Q

Panathenaia

A

Public festival for Athena
Dressing her w new gown and sporting events
Panhellenic (“all of Greece”) event but focused on Athenian excellence

35
Q

Athena liminal

A

Both male and female attributes
Roles and responsibilities due to liminal and parentage
Prominence of Athenian lit - popular

36
Q

Aphrodite

A

Born of the testes of Uranus

37
Q

Aphrodite depictions

A

Matron (married woman)
Then thinner fabric
Then boob
Then naked

38
Q

Aphrodite myth elements

A

Erotic love is imperative of living things
Avoiding it leads to self-destruction
Reverence toward Aphrodite

39
Q

Eros

A 
Son of Aphrodite
Primordial being (with Gaia)

Boy god with bow and arrow
Shoots mortals to make them fall in love

40
Q

Pygmalion and Galatea

A

Women of Cyprus turned into prostitutes
Pygmalion like nah
Makes Galatea, falls in love

41
Q

Platonic Eros (The Symposium)

A

Dialogue by Plato on sex (Eros)

Male drinking party

42
Q

Aristophanes and Eros Pandemios

A

Primordial humans
Children of the sun - 2 males fused
Earth - females
Moon - male female (“androgynous”)

43
Q

Socrates and Alcibiades

A

Alcibiades - most handsome in Athens
Socrates only pretends to be sexually attracted to young men, but reserved
Tries to seduce him by getting knowledge, no

44
Q

Socrates and Eros Uranios (Divine Love)

A

Diotima of Mantinea

Taught Socrates what universal love is

45
Q

Types of love

A

Eros Pandemios - “common love”

Eros Uranios - “celestial love” love toward ideal beauty, beauty of the universals, goodness, etct
Platonic love

46
Q

Cupid and Psyche

A

Cupid rescued from Aphrodite’s jealousy monster
Fell in love, kept secret id “forbidden love”
Jealous sisters - “look at him”
Leaves, had to do impossible tasks
Now called “volupa” or “pleasure” married

47
Q

Cupid and Psyche motifs

A 
True love - all
Hidden identity - Little Mermaid
Wicked sister’s - Cinderella
Impossible tasks - Rumpelstiltskin
Happily ever after - Disney
48
Q

Artemis

A 
Twin of Apollo
Zeus and Leto
Born in Delos, Ortygia, or Crete
goddess of childbirth
“” young girls
“” wild animals
49
Q

Artemis depictions

M

A

Young maiden
Bow, sometimes a torch
Moon
Virgin goddess

50
Q

Artemis and Callisto

A 
Follower of Artemis (no sex)
Lured by Zeus - prego
Expelled by Art
Bear (Zeus or Hera)
Nearly killed by son Arcas (hunter)
Ursa Major
51
Q

Artemis and Actaeon

A

Hunter violated her
Turned into stag
Killed by hounds

52
Q

Artemis at Brauron

A 
Ritual for young girls
Special sanctuary
Bears, played games
Rite of Passage 
Not much known
53
Q

Artemis and Hippolytus

A

Son of Theseus (king of Athens) * and Amazon queen (Hippolytus or Antiope)
No women - hunt
Aph causes Phaedra stepmom to love
Reveals love
She kills self, leaves letter accusing
Theseus curses him, causing Poseidon to send sea monster
Died, but reconciled first

54
Q

Artemis and Hippolytus themes

A

Overly pious, or rightly pious and gods petty?
Contrasts ruin from excessive carnal love and rejection of love
Characterization: Theseus (old man) and Hippolytus (young man)

55
Q

Theater of Dionysus

A

Athens
Plays were competitive events in honor of Dionysus
Tragodia “goat-song”

56
Q

Atalanta

A

Dev to Artemis
No marry, father arranged footrace for husband
Hippomenes - 3 golden apples
May or may not happy
No credit to Aph - sex at sanctuary
Transforms into lions - folktales they can’t have sex

57
Q

Hades

A

Olympian, Kronos and Rhea
Underworld
Not big in myth
Euphemisms - Pluto (Greek), Dis (Roman) = wealthy
Underscores Greek and Roman discomfort with death

58
Q

Homer’s Odyssey

A

In death, everyone goes down
Necromancy: sacrificing black rams
Katabasis: descent into underworld

59
Q

Odysseus’ Reanimation of the dead

A

Phantoms he sees appear confused/senseless
Require blood (sacrifice to be reanimated)
Necromancy or katabasis?

60
Q

Important figures in Odyssey

A 
Elpenor
Tiresias (prophet)
Achilles - hares it
Agamemnon - killed by wife
Ajax - killed self
61
Q

Achilles to Odysseus

A

I would rather be the poorest man on Earth than the prince of the Underworld
Live here, nothing beyond

62
Q

Plato’s myth of Er

A

Republic
Soldier, died. 10 days later, not decomp
2 days later in pyre, explains
2 paths, good or bad. Eventually live with gods
Lethe
Example of myth “creation” (or synthesis)
Messenger from dead
Death and Rebirth - Pythagorean Cult
Reward and punishment -Orphic cult
Selection of lots for reincarnation - democracy

63
Q

Hades Tropes

A

Charon
Minos (judge of souls)
Cerberus
Furies (Erinyes) vengeful being - blood guilt

Sisyphus
Tantalus
Ixion
Tityus

64
Q

Hades rivers

A 
Acheron river of pain
Cocytus river of wailing
Lethe river of forgetfulness
Phlegethon river of fire
Styx river of hate
65
Q

Dionysus

A

Son of Zeus and Semele * (Thebes)
god of vegetation
Ecstatic behavior

66
Q

Dionysus depictions

A 
With or without beard
Icons:
Thyrsus * (pine cone staff)
Cup/vines (wine)
Leopard/tiger
Young
Long flowing hair
Non Greek, exotic
67
Q

Dionysus Birth

A

Semele a princess of Thebes
Zeus comes human
Hera old lady doubts

68
Q

Dionysus etymology

A

Dio god of Nysa - a city/mountain in India

69
Q

Dionysus and Pentheus

A

Euripides’ Bacchae
Thebes - punish royal house and prove divine status
Cousin Pentheus young ruler, hated Dionysian rituals (cult) and tried to stop it
Captured Dion
Frees self, possess Pent
Spy on mother Agave and aunts, mistake for lion, Dismember him

70
Q

Dionysus and Pentheus elements

A

Establishment as god
Sacrilege/over propriety of Pent
Paradoxical nature- self-control/madness
Elements of Dionysian mysteries (religion)

71
Q

Dionysus wife

A

Ariadne

Daughter of Minos (Crete)

72
Q

Satyr

A

Could be horse or Hooved
Overindulges in sex and alcohol
Proxy for male desires

73
Q

Maenads/Bacchae

A 
Mythical human followers of Dionysus
Possessed by ecstasy of Dionysus
Sparagmos (tearing of flesh)
Omophagos (eating of uncooked flesh)
Hyper-sexual
Bad women’s
74
Q

Demeter and Persephone

A

Demeter - mother/earth goddess, grain

Persephone - maiden/earth goddess, budding vegetation

75
Q

Demeter and Persephone story

A

Hanging out in woods
Persephone lured by flowers
Hades kidnaps
Helios saw, Hecate only heard (underworld)
Demeter wanders with torch, Hecate told, Helios said suitable husband
Wandered Greece, went to Eleusis
Demophoon - became his nanny, try immortal
Iambe nurse - make laugh and Kykeon
No grain, Zeus like come on, deal for 2/3, sealed by pomegranate

76
Q

Demeter and Persephone Themes

A

Athenian Marriage - arranged, double age, meet on wedding day. Traumatic
Sacred marriage (Hades and Persephone)
Death/rebirth
Aetiology for seasons

77
Q

Mystery cults

A

Secret (mystes = initiate)
Personal choice
Open to all, usually closer to god

78
Q

Famous mystery

A 
Eleusian Mysteries
Heirophant - head priest
Hieron - sacred object
Priestess of Demeter
Kykeon

Mythology (3 decks)

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