Exam 2

Question 1

Chiral

Answer 1

molecules that are not superposable on their mirror images

Question 2

Mirror Image

Answer 2

reflection of an object in a mirror

Question 3

Chirality

Answer 3

a property of an object such as a molecule as a whole, not of a particular atom

Question 4

Achiral

Answer 4

an object with a superposable mirror images and usually at least one plane of symmetry

Question 5

Plane of Symmetry

Answer 5

an imaginary plane passing through an object dividing it such that one half is the reflection of the other half

Question 6

Center of Symmetry

Answer 6

a point so situated that identical components of the object are located on opposite sides and equidistant from the point along any axis passing through that point

Question 7

Isomers

Answer 7

molecules that have the same molecular formula, but possess different structures because of different connectivity of atoms and/or spatial arrangement of atoms

Question 8

Constitutional Isomers

Answer 8

molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different connectivity of atoms

Question 9

Steroisomers

Answer 9

isomers that have the same connectivity of atoms but have a different spatial arrangement of their atoms

Question 10

Conformational Isomers

Answer 10

stereoisomers that interconvert by rotation along single bonds

Question 11

Configurational Isomers

Answer 11

stereoisomers that do not interconvert at room temperatures because their interconversion would require the breaking of individual single or double bonds

Question 12

Enatiomers

Answer 12

stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable mirror images

Question 13

Diastereomers

Answer 13

stereoisomers that are not mirror images

Question 14

Atropisomers

Answer 14

enantiomers or diastereomers that differ because of hindered rotation along a single bond

Question 15

Stereocenter

Answer 15

an atom about which exchange of two groups produces a steroisomer

Question 16

Chiral Center

Answer 16

a tetrahedral atom with four different groups bonded to it

Question 17

Absolute configuration

Answer 17

any chiral center can be specified by the R, S system

Question 18

Meso compound

Answer 18

contains two or more chiral centers bonded in such a way that it is achiral

Question 19

Fischer projections

Answer 19

two-dimensional projections of chiral molecules that are useful when evaluation stereochemistry

Question 20

Polarimeter

Answer 20

an instrument used to detect and measure the magnitude of optical activity

Question 21

Observed rotation

Answer 21

number of degrees the plane of plane-polarized light is rotated

Question 22

Specific rotation

Answer 22

observed rotation measured in a cell 1 dm long and at a sample concentration of 1 g/mL

Question 23

Racemic mixture

Answer 23

a mixture of equal amounts of two enantiomers and has a specific rotation of zero

Question 24

Meso compounds

Answer 24

not chiral, so they are optically inactive

Question 25

Resolution

Answer 25

the experimental process of separating a mixture of enantiomers into the two pure enatiomers

Question 26

Chromatography

Answer 26

a chiral substrate is also an effective separation method