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Medical Parasitology [Undergraduate] > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Chilomastix mesnili

Trophozoite

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2
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Chilomastix mesnili

Cyst

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3
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Chilomastix mesnili

Cyst

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4
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Trypanosomas Brucei gambiense (trypomastigote)

or

Trypanosomas Brucei rhodiesense (trypomastigote)

*we don’t need to distinguish between the 2 species specifically

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5
Q

ID the organism and stage.

Give 2 features.

A

Trypanosomas cruzi (trypomastigote)

  • Prominent C-shaped body
  • Note the large, posterior kinetoplast

*the kinetoplast can potentially be smaller as well

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6
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Trypanosomas Brucei gambiense

or

Trypanosomas Brucei rhodiesense

*we don’t need to distinguish between the 2 species specifically

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7
Q
  1. What stage is shown?
    • (if possible give an example of what it may be)
  2. Give 2 defining features
A
  1. Amastigote
    • L. Donovani or T. cruzi; mostly indistinguishable
  2. Features:
    • rounder shape
    • short, or non-apparent flagella
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8
Q

What organism could be shown?

ID the stage of organism shown.

Extra credit: Acute or Chronic?

A
  • T. Cruzi* or L. Donovani*
  • Amastigote [pseudocyst]
  • Chronic

*they are indistinguishable​

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9
Q

ID the organism and stage.

Give 2 characteristics.

A
  • Leishmania Donovani* (promastigote)
  • Note the absence of an undulating membrane, and the anterior location of the kinetoplast relative to the nucleus
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10
Q

ID the organism and stage.

Give 2 features.

A
  • Leishmania Donovani* (promastigote)
  • Note the absence of an undulating membrane, and the anterior location of the kinetoplast relative to the nucleus
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11
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Leishmani tropica (promastigote)

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12
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Giardia Lamblia

Trophozoite

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13
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Giardia lamblia

Cyst

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14
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Trichomonas hominis

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15
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

Trophozoite

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16
Q

For life cycle’s completion, the fly must ingest in its blood meal the ____________, which is physiologically adapted for existence within the insect vector.

A

short, stumpy trypomastigote

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17
Q

The short stumpy trypomastigote has ______ that allow it to survive effectively in an insect host.

A

Prominent cristae

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18
Q

In mosquitos, which sexes feed on blood?

A

Female only

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19
Q

In Tsetse flys, which sexes feed on blood?

A

Both sexes

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20
Q

What is the ultimate location in a human that Trypanosomas Brucei metacyclic trypomastigotes reach?

A

CSF

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21
Q

In blood, what are the 3 stages that T. brucei may take in blood?

A
  • long slender
  • intermediate
  • short, stumpy
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22
Q

What organism is shown?

A

Trypanosoma

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23
Q

ID the organism and stage.

What key factor(s) do you see?

A
  • Babesia* trophozoites
  • tetrads noted [cross formations]
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24
Q

ID the organism and stage.

What key factor(s) do you see?

A

Babesia trophozoite

tetrads [cross formations]

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25
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A
  • Cryptosporidum Parvum*
  • Oocyst
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26
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A

Cryptosporidium Oocyst

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27
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A
  • Cryptosporidium Parvum*
  • Oocyst
28
Q

ID the organism.

What is at the yellow label?

What is at the green label?

Give defining characteristics.

A

Plasmodium vivax

  • yellow = schizont
    • 16-24 merozoites
    • enlarged RBC
  • green = trophozoite
    • more amoeboid shape
29
Q

ID the organism.

What is seen at the arrow?

A
  • Cryptospiridium parvum*
  • Oocyst
30
Q

ID the organism at the center right.

What stage is it in?

Give characteristics.

A

Plasmodium Vivax

  • gametocyte
  • enlarged RBC; round/oval
31
Q

ID the organism.

What stage is shown?

What characteristics to ID?

A

P. falciparum

Gametocyte

  • banana-shaped

*on the exam

32
Q

ID the organism.

What stage is shown?

What characteristics did you use?

A

P. falciparum

  • Signet ring stage
  • Same size RBC
33
Q

ID the organsim.

What stage is shown?

What characteristic to ID?

A

P. falciparum

  • Schizont
  • 8-32 merozoites in schizont
34
Q

ID the stage/structure shown.

A

Oocyst

35
Q

ID the organism.

What stage is it in?

What key structure do you see?

A

P. ovale

  • Schizont*
  • enlarged cells; large schuffer’s dots; 4-16 merozoites

*not confirmed

36
Q

What organism do you see?

What stage is it in?

What characteristic gave it away?

A

P. malarie

  • Trophozoite
  • Band stage full of ziemann dots
37
Q

ID the organism and stage shown.

A
  • Taxoplasma Gandii*
  • tachyzoites
38
Q

ID the organism and stage shown.

What unique structure is shown?

A

Taxoplasma Gandii

  • bradyzoites
  • pseudocyst

[not confirmed; while the individual shapes appear more elongate (like a tachyzoite), this specimen is in tissue]

39
Q

Which organism and stage is shown?

A
  • Taxoplasma gandii*
  • Bradyzoites
40
Q

Which organism and stage is shown?

A
  • T. gondii*
  • Unsporulated Oocyst
41
Q

ID the organism and stage shown.

What is seen at the arrows?

A

T. gandii

  • Sporulated Oocyst
  • Four sporozoites (arrows) are visible in one of the sporocysts
42
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A
  • T. gandii*
  • sporulated oocyst
43
Q

ID the species shown in each picture:

  • top left =
  • top right =
  • bottom left =
  • bottom right =
A
  • Top left: Plasmodium falciiparum
  • Top Right: Plasmodium vivax
  • Bottom Left: Plasmodium malariae
  • Bottom right: Plasmodium ovale

[baduri said dont worry about the dots too much]

44
Q

WTF is this?

What typa insect is it?

What parasite does it carry?

A

Anopholes (mouth parts)

  • Mosquito
  • Plasmodium
45
Q

WTF is this?

What typa insect is it?

What parasite does it carry?

A

Ixodes scapularis

  • Tick
  • Bebesia microti and divergens
46
Q

ID the organism and stage.

Which characteristics did you use?

A

P. Vivax

  • signet stage
  • enlarged RBC
  • more amoeboid shape
47
Q

ID the organism and stage.

A
  • P. Vivax*
  • ovular gametocyte
48
Q

ID the organism and stage.

Which characteristics did you use?

A

P. malarie

  • Signet ring stage
  • the cell is normal/small size; ring is stretched a lil
49
Q

ID the organism and stage.

Which characteristics did you use?

A

P. Ovale

  • signet ring stage
  • enlarged RBC, slight oval shape
50
Q

ID the organism and stage.

Which characteristics did you use?

A

P. Ovale

  • Schizont
  • slightly enlarged RBC; oval-shaped; tufted edges; schuffer’s dots
51
Q

ID the organism and stage.

Which characteristics did you use?

A

P. Ovale

  • schizont
  • slightly enlarged RBC; oval-shaped; tufted edges; schuffer’s dots
52
Q

For P. Vivax and P. Ovale:

_______________ are distributed throughout RBC’s cytoplasm & stains pink to red when subjected to traditional hematological stains

A

schuffner’s dots

53
Q

Coarser, dark _________ granules, the by-products of hemoglobin degradation by the parasite

A

hemozoin

54
Q

For P. malariae:

Following entry into RBC, early trophozoites begin to accumulate hemozoin and the pink-stained _________ ________.

A

Ziemann’s dots

55
Q

For each picture, state what structures are seen in the infected RBC.

Give an example of which plasmodium caused it.

A
  1. Schuffner’s dots
    • P. Vivax /P. Ovale
  2. Ziemann’s dots
    • P. Malarie
  3. Hemozoin granules
    • P. Vivax / P. Ovale / P. Malarie
  4. ​Maurer’s dots
    • ​​P. Falciparum

[reference Apicomplexans powerpoints]

56
Q

Which plasmodium is most prevalent?

A

P. Falciparum

80% of cases in Africa

57
Q

How do the life cycles of Plasmodium and Babesia differ?

A

In Bebisia:

  • no exoerythrocytic stage
  • no sexual phase in the vertebrate portion of the life cycle.
58
Q

What are the 2 types of infective stages of Toxoplasma gandii?

A
  • Oocyst [fecal material from cat]
  • Tissue cyst [undercooked meat from pig, sheep]
59
Q

For Toxoplasma Gandii:

  • All animals except ____ can be considered as paratenic hosts
  • Formation of pseudocysts coincides with development of _______ in the host
A

cats

immunity

60
Q

for the given history, provide: Parasite, relevant disease names and Treatment:

Pt presents wtih c/o fatty stool, weight loss, ABD pain and jaundice.

A
  • Giardia Lamblia
  • Giardiasis
  • Metronidazole
61
Q

For the given history, provide: Parasite, relevant disease names and Treatment:

Pt presents with c/o vaginal itching and odor + leukorrhea.

A
  • Trichomonas Vaginalis
  • Vaginitis [trichomoniasis]
  • Metronidazole, Acidic douches and abstinence
62
Q

For the given history, provide: Parasite, relevant disease names and Treatment:

Pt presents with c/o weakness, anemia and protruding abdomen.

A
  • L. Donovani
  • Kala Azar [visceral leishmaniasis]
  • Antimony
63
Q

For the given history, provide: Parasite, relevant disease names and Treatment:

Pt presents with c/o fever, malaise, facial lesions with facial scarring.

A
  • L. Donovani
  • Post-kala-azar dermal leishmanoid
  • Antimony
64
Q

for the given history, provide: Parasite, relevant disease names and Treatment:

Pt presents with c/o of a dry lesion (cutaneous ulcer) on the right finger, it has persisted for months. He lives in Mexico and also visits Brazil.

Lab testing reveals many mastigotes of a certain species.

A
  • L. Tropica [Phlebotomus sandly]
  • Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
  • Antimony**

**this isn’t confirmed, but is used for L. Donovani and L. Braziliensis

65
Q

for the given history, provide: Parasite, relevant disease names and Treatment:

Pt presents with c/o moist skin ulcerations with a quick onset.

Lab studies show, few mastigotes of a species.

A
  • L. Major [Phlebotomus sandfly]
  • Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
  • Antimony**

**not confirmed, but used for L. Donovani and L. Braziliensis

66
Q

Pt presents with a many small, red ulcers full of amastigotes.

He lives in Central America, no recent travels.

A
  • L. Braziliensis [Lutzomyia sandfly]
  • Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis or American Leishmaniasis
  • Antimony
67
Q

For the given history, provide: Parasite, relevant disease names and Treatment:

Pt presents with complaints of a fever, cough, breathing difficulty and cyanosis.

A

Pneumocystis Carinii

  • Asphyxia
  • TMP-SMA

Medical Parasitology [Undergraduate] (6 decks)

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