Exam 2 Flashcards
John Gottmans four horsemen of the apocalypse
- today’s marriage researcher
- greatest predictor if divorce is not conflict but is negativity
CDCS
Criticism (attacking character)
Defensiveness (denying responsibility for certain behavior)
Contempt (insulting abusice attitude)
Stonewalling (a withdrawal and not listening)
FunctionAl family therapy
James Alexander
Integrates learning theory, systems theory, and cognitive theory
Goal is cognitive and behavioral changes
Clients need to understand function of the behavior and how behavior regulates relationships
Useful with adolescents
Structural family therapy
Salvador minuchen
Invisible or covert rules that organize the way family members interact with one another
Consistent transactional patterns
Structural therapy emphasis
Wholeness of a family system
Hierarchy and organization of the family system
Changing the organization and covert rules of their transactions will change behavior and symptoms will increase
Enmeshed families
Structural
1954 a psychiatrist at a school for poor minority delinquents found that families were disconnected and too permeable
Intervention was key in creating structure
Minuchib developedtheroy to help restructure underorganized poor families
Disengaged families
Minuchin was in child guidance Saw that working class families were too organized
Intervened to create flexibility
Structural therapy view of dysfunctional families
Either too rigid or too flexible in their structure
Structural family therapy: transactional patterns
Observes how families interact, cope with developmental tasks and they mature, and make adaptions during times of transition
Structurally family therapy goals
To achieve a delicate balance between change and stability as family goes through life cycles
Before an individuals symptioms can be reduced, the family structure must change
Family subsystems
Structural
Point is to carry our basic family functions, each member is in different groups and there are many different units
Spousal, parental, and sibling
Strength of Spousal system is the key to family stability
Complementarity of roles
The degree of harmony in meshing of family roles
Reciprocal roles provide satisfactory functioning
Takes the form of teamwork
Structural family therapy: boundary permeability
In a subsystem, the rules define who participates and how
Boundaries vary in permeability degree and determines the nature and frequency between family members
Boundary types (structural)
Rigid/inflexible
Blurred/diffused
Clearly defined
Rigid or inflexible boundaries
Lead to barriers between subsystems
Worlds of parents and children separate And distinct
Create independence/ isolation with little nurture
No value on cohesiveness
Bad communication
Family doesn’t notice when one person is stressed
Blurred/diffuse boundaries
Too blurred and insisting so family is too intrusive
Too little structure
Hover parenting, too accessible parents
Children too involved with parents and can’t think independently
Under stress rant rave rescue
Clearly defined boundaries
Help maintain seperateness but still belonging to the system
Autonomy of members isn’t sacrificed, boundary is flexible but supportive
Disengaged families
Come from rigid boundaries
Separate and independent functioning with little family loyalty
Enmeshed families
From diffuse boundaries
Extreme proximity and intensity in family interactions
Overly concerned and overly involved in each other’s lives
Alignments
Structural
The way in which family members join together or oppose one another in carrying out a family activity
Minuchin triangulation
Each parent demands the child to ally with them against the other parent, each perceived as an attack, a no win situation
Coalitions
Alliances between some family members against a third member
Stable coalition is fixed and inflexible union in family everyday fiction.
Detouring coalition, a pair hold s third family member responsible for their difficulties or conflicts
Family mapping (structural)
Making a map that shows family interactions
Structural therapeutic tactics
Present focused
Action oriented
Actively challenge family transactional patterns
Joining/accommodation
Structural assessment
Stir the pot
Restructuring patterns
Structural joining and accommodating
Deliberately join the family to gain a position of leverage to challenge or confront family dysfunctional interactive patterns
Accommodating, understand family myths and themes to sense their pain
Mimesis, imitating their manner,style, and range
Confirming systems, say something positive to each member to build self esteem
Unbalancing (structural)
Stir the pot m
Attempt to change hierarchal relationship
Physical movement (changing chairs)
Enactment, stages effort to recreate conflict
Punctuating, selective description and verbalizing appropriate behavior
Structural therapists
Active and decisive
Directive like stage directors
Dramatic and theatrical
Actively engage and challenge systems
Strategic family therapy
Mid 70-80s
Planned strategies to solve presenting problems
Thinking strategies could outwit resistance and provoke families into change
Took structural and added more opportunities to be more hands on as a therapist
Doesn’t want to know how or why, isn’t important to the family either
Verbal and non verbal messages
Behavioral family therapy underlying assumptions
All behavior is learned, people learn out to act according to how they were previously reinforced
Consequences maintain or eliminate behavior
Bad behaviors NOT CAUSESd should be the target of change (maladaptive behaviors can’t be unlearned but adapted behaviors can be learned)
Don’t need to know how behavior was learned
Assessment is part of treatment
Here and now problems
Not everyone in the family has to be treated for their to be change
Behavioral parent training
Parent skills trainingt
To change child’s behavior therapist is a social learning educator who changes parents response to child’s behavior
Once response changes, behavior changes
Love and logic
Model good manners
Positive reciprocity
Quid pro quo
Contingency contracting
A specific contract for An exchange of behaviors
Extinction
Previous reinforcers of an action are withdrawn so the behavior normalizes, the replacement behavior has to be positively reinforced to take the place of the extinguished behavior
What makes CBT different from other theories?
Less systemic
Learning theory, approaches for linear changes in individuals and subunits
Doesn’t focus on affect, like feelings
Can be rigid
Doesn’t consider historical family context
MRI
Original mental research institute interactional family therapy
Current mri brief family therapy
Strategic family therapy
Milan systemic model
MRI axioms of communication
All behavior is communication, verbal and non verbal
Two levels of communication in MRI
Surface/content level: what you say
Metacommunication level:qualifies the first level (facial expression and tone)
Command messages
These Messages constitue regulating patterns for stabilizing and defining family rules
Symmetrical relationships
Equality interactive patterns
Both one up positions
Can be competitive and vicious
Complementary relationships
Inequality interactive patterns
One up and one down positions
Assertive and submissive
Each has power
Double bind
Paradoxical injunction, messages that must be disobeyed to be obeyed. Ignore these instructions
Therapeutic double bind
Force into a no lose situation
Good for defiant clients
Circular questioning
Focuses on connections rather than individual symptomology by framing every question so that it addresses differences in perception by different family members about events or relationships
Probs how different members perceive problems
Cognitive restructuring
An intervention technique where the therapist attempts to modify the clients thoughts perceptions and attributions about an event
Three levels of CBT
A) automatic thoughts
B) underlying assumptions
C) basic beliefs or schemes
Emotionally focused couples therapy
Focus on processes between people not inherent in each.
Gain access to what is emotionally significant for each
Change negative emotional patterns and bond positively
Family sculpting
Non verbal communication method whereby a family member can physically place other members in spatial relationship with one another symbolicly showing their perception of their differences in power and Intimacy
Symbolic experiential family therapy
Carl Whitaker
Multigenerational approach that uses therapy to address both individual and family relational patterns
Personal growth and family connection
Several generations
It’s pragmatic, emphasized emotional experience, spontaneous, contherapeutic
Human validation process model
Virginia Satir
The therapist and family join forces to simulate an inherent Heath producing process
