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Embryology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Vitelline Arteries form what 3 structures

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

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2
Q

Vitelline arteries supple blood to…

A

The yolk sac

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3
Q

Sinus venareum (smooth wall portion of R.Atrium) develop from

A

Right Sinus Horn of Sinus Venosus

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4
Q

Right and Left Vitelline Valves form the…

A

Portal vein

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5
Q

The Left sinus horn of SV forms the…

A

Coronary sinus &

Left vein of left atrium

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6
Q

Left umbilical vein forms…

A

Ductus venosus

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7
Q

Right anterior cardinal vein develops into the…

A

Superior vena cava

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8
Q

Umbilical artery develops into the..

A

Medial umbilical ligament

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9
Q

Ductus venosus connects the ______ to ______

A

Left umbilical vein to inferior vena cava

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10
Q

Ductus arteriosus connects _______ to ______

A

Pulmonary artery

Aorta

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11
Q

Ductus arteriosus shunts blood from

A

RV to LV

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12
Q

Atrioventricular swellings from…

A

Valve cusp

Cordae tendineae

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13
Q

Embryonic ventricle forms…

A

Papillary muscle

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14
Q

Bulbous cordis forms…

A

Membranous IV septum
Right ventricular outflow tract
Left ventricular outflow tract

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15
Q

Truncus arteriosus forms…

A

Proximal part of aorta

Promximal part of pulmonary artery/trunk

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16
Q

Ductus Venosus shunts blood from…

A

RA to LA

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17
Q

Arch I

A

Maxillary artery

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18
Q

Arch II

A

Hyoid and stapedial artery

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19
Q

Arch III

A

Common and carotid artery

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20
Q

Arch IV Left

A

Arch of Aorta

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21
Q

Arch IV Right

A

Right Subclavian Artery

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22
Q

Arch VI Left

A

Left Pulmonary Artery &

Ductus Arteriosus

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23
Q

Arch VI Right

A

Right Pulmonary Artery

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24
Q

Muscular interventricular septum develops from

A

Embryonic ventricle

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25
Q

IVC is formed from

A

Sub cardinal vein
Sacrocardinal vein
Vitelline vein

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26
Q

Ostium secundum forms where?

A

In the septum primum

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27
Q

Umbilical vein forms __________ after birth

A

Round ligament of the liver

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28
Q

Renal vein forms from the ________

A

Subcardinal vein

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29
Q

Subcardinal vein develops because of the ______________

A

Development of the kidney

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30
Q

Vitelline veins form the following…

A

Portal vein
Hepatocardiac part of IVC
Hepatic veins
R & L hepatic sinusoids

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31
Q

The Left Venous Valve forms what in the adult heart

A

Interatrial septum

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32
Q

Membranous interventricular septum develops from the _______

A

Bulbous cordis

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33
Q

Sinoatrial swelling forms…

A

Right atrioventricular valve

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34
Q

Pectinate muscle develops from…

A

Embryonic atrium

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35
Q

R & L venous valves fuse and form

A

Septum spurium

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36
Q

Foramen ovale is formed by…

A

Septum secundum
Left venous valve
Ostium secundum

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37
Q

Septum primum forms the…

A

Valve of foramen ovale

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38
Q

Sinus venosus forms…

A

Sinus venareum

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39
Q

Smoothed wall part of the left atrium develops from

A

Pulmonary vein

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40
Q

Sacrocardinal veins fuse with the growth of the…

A

Lower limbs

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41
Q

Sacrocardinal veins form the

A

Common iliac veins

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42
Q

Subcardinal veins form the

A

Subcardinal portion of inferior vena cava

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43
Q

Left cardinal vein forms…

A

Nothing..it disappears

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44
Q

After birth, ductus venosus becomes…

A

Ligamentum venosum

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45
Q

After birth, the foramen ovale forms…

A

Fossa ovalis

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46
Q

After birth, ductus arteriosus forms…

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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47
Q

The foregut gives rise to what structures?

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Liver
Pancreas
Respiratory system
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48
Q

What 3 areas does the endoderm give rise to?

A

Pharynx
Respiratory
GI

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49
Q

What structures form as part of the pharynx?

A 
Epithelial parts of: 
Pharynx
Thyroid
Tympanic cavity
Tonsils, parathyroid
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50
Q

What structures form as part of the respiratory?

A

Epithelial parts of:
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

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51
Q

What structures form as part of the GI?

A

Epithelial part of GI tract
Liver, pancreas
Urinary bladder
Urachus

52
Q

What is fistula?

A

Incomplete separation of trachea and esophagus

53
Q

Why does the trachea-esophageal septum form?

A

Different growth rates

54
Q

Rotation of the stomach forms what?

A

Loop in the mesentery

55
Q

The dorsal mesentery gives rise to…

A

Dorsal mesogastrium

56
Q

Ventral mesentery gives rise to…

A

Ventral mesogastrium

57
Q

Fundus of the stomach becomes what?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach

58
Q

Ventral mesogastrium eventually becomes…

A

Lesser omentum

59
Q

Dorsal mesogastrium eventually forms what

A

Greater omentum

60
Q

What causes the “rotation” of the stomach?

A

Rotation of small intestine

61
Q

What is the pace behind the stomach called?

A

Omental Bursa

62
Q

The omentum exists due to the _____ nature of the dorsal mesogastrium

A

Fixed

63
Q

The liver is an outgrowth of what?

A

Duodenum

64
Q

What it’s the fastest growing organ in the embryo?

A

Liver

65
Q

The ventral and dorsal mesentery are lined with CT that is part of the ___________

A

Peritoneum

66
Q

__________ ligament supports the umbilical vein

A

Falciform

67
Q

In the adult, where do we see the falciform ligament?

A

Attached to round ligament

68
Q

The liver is primarily a ____________ organ

A

Peritoneal

69
Q

When the liver develops, there is no visceral peritoneum. What is that area called?

A

Bare area

70
Q

What two structured come together to form the liver?

A

Parenchyma cells

Hepatic sinusoids

71
Q

Parenchyma forms from

A

Foregut

72
Q

Hepatic sinusoids form from what?

A

Vatelline veins

73
Q

What two areas of outgrowth form on the foregut?

A

Gallbladder

Ventral pancreas

74
Q

The ventral pancreas arises from?

A

Bile duct (from foregut)

75
Q

The dorsal pancreas come from?

A

Outgrowth of the foregut

76
Q

Anything that develops from the midgut is supplied by what?

A

Mesenteric artery

77
Q

The midgut is defined as the space between _________ and _________

A

Liver bud

Posterior intestinal portal

78
Q

The primary loop of the midgut gives us what two limbs?

A

Cranial

Caudal

79
Q

The cranial limb of the primary loop forms what?

A

Small intestine:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

80
Q

The caudal limb of the primary loop forms what?

A 
Large intestine:
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
81
Q

Midgut goes through ___________ __________ to achieve rotation

A

Physiological herniation

82
Q

Pouch 1

A

Auditory tube

83
Q

Pouch 2

A

Palatine tonsil

84
Q

Pouch 3

A

Thymus and inferior parathyroid

85
Q

Pouch 4

A

Superior parathyroid

86
Q

Pouch 5

A

Ultimobrachial body (C-cells)

87
Q

Pharyngeal cleft 1

A

External acoustic meatus

88
Q

The tongue develops in conjunction with the __________

A

Pharyngeal arches

89
Q

The heart tube develops from what?

A

4 angiogenic cells

90
Q

Which part of the heart develops fastest?

A

Ventricle

91
Q

Right anterior cardinal vein drains…

A

Upper 1/2 of embryo

92
Q

Right common cardinal vein drains..

A

Inferior 1/2 of embryo

93
Q

Umbilical veins transport blood from _____ to _____

A

Umbilical to heart

94
Q

Vitelline veins carry blood from _____ to _____

A

Yolk sac to heart

95
Q

Ostium secundum shunts blood from _____ to ____

A

Right to left atrium

96
Q

Sinoatrial swellings provides passage to what?

A

Sinus venosus

97
Q

Foramen ovale provides a shunt from _____ to _____

A

Right to left atrium

98
Q

What causes the closing of foramen ovale?

A

Pressure in the left atrium pushes the septum primum against septum secundum

99
Q

What causes the closure of the umbilical artery?

A

Thermal and mechanical changes

100
Q

What causes the closure of the umbilical veins and ductus venosus?

A

They close after umbilical arteries close

101
Q

What causes the closure of ductus arteriosus?

A

Bradykinin released from the lungs

102
Q

Why does the interventricular foramen close?

A

Growth of the membranous part of the interventricular septum

103
Q

Aortic arches supply blood to what

A

Pharyngeal arches

104
Q

Vitelline arteries supply blood to what

A

Yolk sac

105
Q

Umbilical arteries supply blood to what

A

Placenta

106
Q

Most distal part of the truncus arteriosus

A

Aortic sac

107
Q

Anterior cardinal veins drain what?

A

Cephalic end of the embryo

108
Q

Posterior cardinal veins drain what?

A

Everything but cephalic end of embryo

109
Q

Common cardinal veins drain into where

A

Sinus horn

110
Q

Subcardinal veins drain

A

Kidney

111
Q

Sacrocardinal veins drain

A

Lower limbs

112
Q

Supracardinal veins drain

A

Body wall via intercostal veins

113
Q

The developing digestive tract stays connected to the yolk sac by the __________

A

Vitelline veins

114
Q

Dorsal pancreatic bud forms in the _______

A

Dorsal mesentery

115
Q

Ventral pancreatic bud develops ________

A

Near the bile duct

116
Q

Islets of Langerhan serve what function

A

Eventually secrete insulin

117
Q

What seperates the allantois and anorectal canal?

A

Urorectal septum

118
Q

Where does the thyroid gland develop?

A

Foramen cecum

119
Q

What is the axis of rotation for the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

120
Q

What divides the midgut into cranial and caudal portions?

A

Vitelline duct

121
Q

What is the most cranial portion of the digestive tube?

A

Pharynx

122
Q

Anal canal is from

A

Cloaca

123
Q

The midgut is from the ______ to the ______

A

Liver bud to posterior intestinal portal

124
Q

The foregut is from the ____ to _____

A

Lung bud to liver bud

125
Q

The hindgut is form the ____ to ____

A

Posterior intestinal portal to cloacal membrane

Embryology (2 decks)

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