Exam 2

Question 1

Potassium Rich Foods

Answer 1

Avocado
Carrot 
Baked Potato
Spinach 
Beef
Cod
Pork
Veal
Dried fruits
Banana
Apricot
Cantaloupe
Orange
Milk
OJ
Apricot Nector

Question 2

Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Answer 2

Released from cells in atrium when blood volume increases
Promotes sodium wasting
Potent diuretic

Question 3

Renin-Angiotension-Aldosterone System

Answer 3

Promotes sodium and water retention

Increases blood volume

Question 4

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 4

Regulates water excretion from kidneys
Released when serum osmolality increases
Causes collecting ducts to be more permeable to water

Question 5

Respiratory Acidosis Clinical Manifestations

Answer 5

Increased pulse and RR
Headache, dizziness 
Confusion, decreased LOC
Convulsions
Warm, flushed skin 
Arterial blood ph <7.35
PaCO2 >45

Question 6

Respiratory Acidosis Interventions

Answer 6

Assess respiratory status and lung sounds
Monitor airway and ventilation; insert artificial airway, prepare for mechanical ventilation
Administer pulmonary therapy measures (inhalation therapy, percussion and postural drainage, bronchodilators, antibiotics
Monitor fluid intake and output, vital signs, ABG
Administer narcotic antagonists
Maintain adequate hydration (2-3L)

Question 7

Respiratory Alkalosis Clinical Manifestations

Answer 7

ShOB, chest tightness
Light headedness with circumoral paresthesias and numbness/tingling extremities
Difficulty concentrating 
Tremulousness, blurred vision 
Arterial blood ph  >7.45
PaCO2 <35

Question 8

Respiratory Alkalosis Interventions

Answer 8

Monitor vital signs and ABG
Assist with breathing slowly
Breathe in a paper bag or apply a rebreather mask

Question 9

Metabolic Acidosis Clinical Manifestations

Answer 9

Kussmaul’s respiration’s (deep, rapid)
Lethargy, confusion
Headache, weakness
Nausea and vomiting
Atrial blood ph <7.35
Serum bicarbonate <22
PaCO2 > 38

Question 10

Metabolic Acidosis Interventions

Answer 10

Monitor ABG, intake and output, LOC
Administer IV sodium bicarbonate carefully
Treat underlying problem as ordered

Question 11

Metabolic Alkalosis Clinical Manifestations

Answer 11

Decreased respiratory rate and depth
Dizziness
Circumoral paresthesias, numbness and tingling extremities 
Hypertonic muscles, tetany
Arterial blood Ph >7.45
Serum bicarbonate > 26 
PaCO2 > 45

Question 12

Metabolic Alkalosis Interventions

Answer 12

Monitor intake and output
Monitor vital signs, especially respiration’s and LOC
Administer IV fluids carefully
Treat underlying problem

Question 13

Increased calcium levels

Answer 13

Can be caused by hyperparathyroidism