Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PEDS > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute neutrophil count (less than ____ the child is at risk for infection)

A

500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

side effect of keto diet

A

kidney stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common causes- excessive PO intake, hypotonic fluid overload, kidney disease, CHF, malnutrition

A

Fluid Volume Excess:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The most common form of leukemia is _____

next is ____________

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fracture where

- bone fragments into many pieces

A

Comminuted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rare in children

Often due to Graves Disease

Increased basal metabolic rate-affecting cardiovascular, GI and neuromuscular function

A

Hyperthyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical manifestations- edema, weight gain, bounding slow pulse, lethargic, increased spinal fluid pressure

A

Fluid Volume Excess:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tonic clonic, mixed seizures

Side Effects: Hepatitis, agranulocytosis

A

Carbamazepine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Labs- low specific gravity, decreased hematocrit

A

Fluid Volume Excess:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Briefs contracture of muscle or group of muscles, alcohol and sleep deprivation can exacerbate, more common in teenagers, no loss of consciousness, no post ictal confusion

A

Myoclonic seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Results from imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical muscle ring

Common condition more frequently noted in Black children and low birth weight infants.

Most resolve by 1 year

Potential for strangulation of bowel exists and should be monitored by Pediatrician

A

Umbilical Hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Seizures that last no more than 30 seconds, no post seizure confusion, can occur many times a day, no aura

eye and head turning in oppisite directions

A

simple partial seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

level of dehydration where:

Weight Loss:6-10%
Vital Signs Changes: slightly increased HR, normal BP
Mucus Membranes:dry 
Tears: decreased 
Anterior Fontanel: normal to sunken 
Skin: cap refil 2-4 seconds 
Urine:oliguria
A

moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

for dignostic criteria of diabetes

Plasma glucose concentration greater than or equal to ___ at any time of day regardless of time of last meal

A

200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inflammation of the meninges, can be viral or bacterial – bacterial can be deadly

A

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Antibiotics 
Droplet precautions 
Measure head circumference 
HOB above 30 degrees 
Monitor for increased ICP
Seizure precautions 
Darken room

are all nursing interventions for

A

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fracture where

bone breaks incompletly

A

greenstick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Common causes- SIADH, vomiting, diarrhea, increase insensible losses, diuretics, phototherapy, warmer

A

Fluid Volume Deficit:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Myelomeningocele region where

Paralysis of legs, sensory loss in trunk, weakness in trunk,

A

L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adrenocortical hyper-function resulting in excess blood levels of glucocorticoids (especially cortisol)

Excessive weight gain, growth retardation, hypertension, behavior problems, moonface, double chin

A

Cushing’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Head of the femur and acetabulum are not aligned

Affects mostly girls

Usually unilateral

A

dysplasia of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fracture where

broken ends of bone are forced into each other

A

Impacted-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Idiopathic

Joint swelling (large joints like knee)

Stiffness

Multiple joints affected for 6 weeks or longer and have excluded other diagnosis’s

should be active as much as possible

outpatient treatment

A

Juvenile Arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
fever 
pallor
lethargic 
anorexic 
large joint and bone pain
petechie 
frank bleeding 
enlargement of liver and spleen 
lymphadonopathy

are comon clinical manifestations

A

Leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fracture where

bone is crushed

A

Compression-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Viral inflammation of the liver

highly contagious fecal oral route and you can be immunized against this disease

A

Hepatitis A:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q 
Asymmetry in trunk 
Uneven shoulders 
Curve in spine 
Uneven hips 
Protruding ribcage

clinical manifestation

A

Scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
Replacement therapy (Synthroid or Levothyroxine) for life
Newborn metabolic screen

treatment for

A

Hypothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

2 drugs Most often used for status epilepticus now

Side Effects: drowsiness, nystagmus, ataxia, paradoxical excitement

Monitor for respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypotension

Anticonvulsive for status epilepticus

A

Benzodiazepines:

Phenobarbital:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

3 Hormones that enhance blood cell production and counteract the myelosuppressive effects of chemotherapy

A

Epoetin alfa
Filgrastim (nupogen) or Pegfilgrastim (neulasta)
Oprelvekin (Neumega) increases platelet count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

can seizures be inturrupted by stimulation

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Use for short term only

Infuse at no more than 150mg/min

A

Fosphenytoin sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Scoliosis

Between 10-40 degrees can be treated with ________

over 40 degrees is treated with _______

A

Boston brace

surgery (harrington rods)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q 
Decreased appetite
Dry cool skin
Thinning hair
Depressed deep tendon reflexes
Bradycardia
Constipation
Sensitivity to cool temperatures
Abnormal menses
Goiter

specific to PEDs patients:

changes in past normal growth pattern with a weight increase

Muscle hypertrophy
Muscle weakness
Decreased height velocity
Delayed bone and dental age
Delayed or precocious puberty
A

Hypothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Meningitis test where

raise leg with knee flexed – resistance or pain = positive

A

Kernig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Maintenance Fluid Requirement Calculation

A

0-10 kg (1st 10 kg) + 11-20 kg (2nd 10 kg + 20+ kg

100 ml/kg + 50 ml/kg + 20 ml/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Autoimmune process destroying the adrenal gland, results in deficiency of gluco- and mineralocorticoids

Weakness, fever, abdominal pain, hypoglycemia, seizures, hypotension, dehydration, shock and coma

A

Addison Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Used for partial and generalized seizures

Side Effects: metabolic acidosis, kidney stones, cognitive dysfunction, weight loss

A

Topiramate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

For dysplasia of the hip

For infants the_______ is the most common treatment method for hip reduction

A

pavlik harness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

A renal disorder in which the basement membrane of the glomeruli becomes permeable to plasma proteins.

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Asymmetrical gluteal Folds of skin on the inner thigh

One leg may be shorter than the other

Barlow test
Ortolani test

Older than one year old Walk with a limp or have waddling gait, Trendelenburg test (hip drop while standing on one leg)

are clinical manifestations of

A

dysplasia of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Performed at 24-48 hours of life to detect disorders in newborns shortly after birth

These conditions can cause significant and life long complications if left untreated

A

Newborn Metabolic Screen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Septic shock

Hypercalcemia if a large amount of bone is destroyed

Thrombocytopenia – decreased platelets that can lead to DIC

Pressure on brain or spinal cord from tumor growth
Tumor lysis syndrome

are all considered _____

A

Oncological Emergencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

is a chronic inflammatory process that can occur throughout the GI tract.

Inflammation can involve the mucosa to the bowel wall.

A

Crohn’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Therapeutic level 10-20mcg/ml

Monitor drug interactions
Ensure oral hygiene
Monitor CBC
Report any rash
IV admin flush well before and after admin
Do not admin with milk
A

Phenytoin:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

one therapy for infants with Hydrocephalus

A

VP shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

______ or______ are the most commonly occurring solid tumors in children and second to only leukemia for malignancies

A

CNS or brain tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q 
Pain
Cachexia
Anemia
Infection
Bruising
Neurological symptoms
Palpable mass or masses
Can be an incidental finding

are clinical manifestations of ______

A

cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q 
polyuria, polydipsia,polyphagia with weight loss
Glycosuria
Hyperglycemia
Fatigue
Vaginitis
Lethargy
Headache
Stomachache

are all clinical manifestaions of

A

type 1 diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Slippage of growth plate

Usually during growth spurt, overweight children, trauma

Can be chronic or acute (less than 3 weeks)

surgial repair is needed

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphyses ( SCFE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

normal blood sugar rang

A

60-120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Clubfoot: Talipes Equinovarus

methods for correction

A

Cereal casting – casting for a week and then resize and casting agin

surgical step at 3-12 months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

level of dehydration where:

Weight Loss: <5%         
Vital Signs Changes:no changes 
Mucus Membranes: normal 
Tears: present 
Anterior Fontanel: normal 
Skin:cap refil <2 seconds 
Urine: decreased
A

mild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

may be asympotomatic
abd distention
hematuria
abd pain

are clinical manifestations of

A

Wilms Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

apnea spells, failure to thrive, cat like cry, difficulty feeding, sun setting eyes,

A

late signs in infants of Hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters

Incomplete emptying of the bladder, creating a reservoir for bacterial growth

A

Vesicourethral Reflux (VUR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Medication
Diet
Surgery
Vagal nerve stimulator

are all tratment options for

A

seizure disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

growth plate is open until ____ years old

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

is an upper UTI that involves the ureters, renal pelvis and renal parencyma

A

Pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Absence seizures
Myoclonic seizures
Side Effects: drowsiness, hyperactivity, agitation, increased salivation

A

Clonazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

regulated by thirst

Role is to bind to the collecting ducts of the kidneys to promote reabsorption of water back into circulation

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Stage of development & Response to death for which age group

Start to respond to logic and facts

Older school-age children have a better concept of the permanence of death

Fear

Curiosity

A

schoolage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Myelomeningocele region where

weaker absent ankle extension

A

L4-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Often associated with anomalies of the musculoskeletal system. Associated with VACTERL syndrome

Depending on the level of deformity will determine how much surgery and bowel control will be possible

A

Anorectal Malformations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

2nd degree burn is called

A

partial thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

This is a clinical and surgical emergency! Characterized by Coughing Choking and Cyanosis

A

Esophageal Atresia (EA)

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Can be caused by CNS disturbance, trauma

Clinical manifestation – polyuria, thirst, hypernatremia, dilute urine, dehydration

Can cause seizures if not caught early

A

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Stop process
Airway, breathing, circulation
IV access for fluid and immediate pain relief

are important interventions for

A

burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Can see in children as young as 8

Risk factors: sedentary lifestyle, high fat diet, race, family history

Signs and symptoms slow to develop

Insulin resistance or decreased insulin receptors

A

type 2 diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Older children : fever, confusion, delirium, decreased LOC, vomiting, headache, neck pain, nuchal rigidity, photophobia, petechiae

are al signs of

A

Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Force exerted by brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid and blood within the cranial vault

A

ICP:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

4 things that can lead to ICP

A

tumor
meningiis
bleeding
injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Solid tumor most commonly occurring outside the cranium of children.

Commonly a smooth, hard, non-tender mass that can occur anywhere along the sympathetic nervous system chain

most frequently with the adrenal glands in abdomen

A

Neuroblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Clinical manifestations- Thirst, variable temp, weight loss, decreased urine output (weigh diaper), irritable, lethargic, tachycardia, tachypnea

A

Fluid Volume Deficit:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Stage of development & Response to death for which age group

Egocentric
Magical thinking
Control and responsibility
Punishment
Death is temporary
A

preschool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q 
Catheterization
Bowel program
Skin assessment
ROM
Consistency of care
Support independence and realistic expectations

are all long term care for

A

Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

fracture where

broken ends of bone protrude through soft tissues and skin

A

Open-

78
Q

Congenital abnormality – foot is twisted out of position

More common in boys , family history, unilateral or bilateral

Muscles, tendons and bones are involved

A

Clubfoot: Talipes Equinovarus

79
Q

Water reabsorbs back into circulation, regardless of serum osmolality resulting in ________

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)

80
Q

bulging fontanel, wide sutures, increased head circumference, dilated scalp veins, irritability, cat like cry (high pitched)

are all _____

A

early signs of ICP in infants

81
Q

No brain above the brain stem, incompatible with life

A

Anacephaly

82
Q

accoring to Monro-Kellie hypothesis what 3 things make up normal ICP

A

blood
CSF
brain tissue

83
Q

Third most common cancer in children following leukemia and brain tumors

7- 11 years

3 times more comon in boys

A

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

84
Q

Spontaneous genetic mutation, autosomal recessive transmission of enzyme deficiency, hypoplasia or aplasia of thyroid

Must be identified early to prevent permanent cognitive impairment

Idiopathic or autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s)

A

Hypothyroid

85
Q

fracture where

bone breaks but does not penetrate the skin

A

Closed –

86
Q

normal ICP levels are

emergency treatment is needed if it reaches ___-

A

7-15

20

87
Q

Autoimmune destruction of insulin producing pancreatic islet beta cells

Occurs in 1 in every 400-600 children and adolescents

peak diagnosis 4-6 years old

Insulin insufficiency

A

type 1 diabetes

88
Q

chemo
consolidation or induction
maintenace chemo

are the
3 phases of treatment for

A

Leukemia

89
Q

are periods of abnormal electrical discharges in the brain that cause involuntary movement and behavior and sensory alterations.

A

Seizures

90
Q

Monitor liver function on therapy

Therapeutic levels 6 -12 mcg/ml

A

Carbamazepine

91
Q

Breakdown of tumor cells that releases high levels of uric acid, potassium, and phosphates into the blood causing hyper states of all, hypocalcemia and additionally a lower sodium level leading to metabolic acidosis, cardiac arrhythmias and/or renal failure,

A

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)

92
Q

Partial seizures, tonic clonic and absence seizures

Side effects: dizziness, headache, nausea, rash

A

Lamotrigine

93
Q

Herniation leads to _____

A

ireversible brain death

94
Q

test for Last 60 -90 days average blood sugar history

normal is _____

A

Hgb AIC

4-6 (60-120)

95
Q

Brittle bone disease

Autosomal dominant or Mutation in the gene that affects bone formation

type 2 is the most severe

8 different types

type 1 most commmon and least severe

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - OI

96
Q

Young infants: fever, hypothermia (newborn), change in feeding, vomiting, diarrhea, irritable, restless, lethargic, more irritable during rocking,

are all signs of

A

Meningitis

97
Q

Narrowing of the pyloric canal. The sphincter, or circular muscle of the pylorus, hypertrophies to over twice the normal size

Most often occurs in first-born males

Position on right side with hob up

A

Pyloric Stenosis

98
Q

Diagnosis based on 2 behavioral domains:

Difficulties in social communication and interaction
Unusually restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

99
Q

fracture where

broken bone is pressed inward

A

depressed

100
Q

fontanels close at

A

18 months

101
Q

Therapeutic levels 20-80mcg/ml
Do not abruptly discontinue
Monitor liver function, CBC and renal function periodically

A

Clonazepam

102
Q

Immunologic disorder characterized by intolerance for gluten a protein found in wheat, barley, rye and oats.

The inability to digest glutenin and gliadin results in accumulation of the amino acid glutamine that is toxic to mucosal cells of the intestines.

A

Celiac Disease

103
Q

Etiology: excessive secretion of growth hormone, can be a tumor of the hypothalamus if associated with precocious puberty

Clinical Manifestations-dependent on timing of hypersecretion

A

Growth Hormone excess

104
Q

Absence seizures
Myoclonic seizures

Side Effects: hepatotoxic, prolonged bleeding times, GI disturbances

A

Valproic acid

105
Q

A nephroblastoma is an intrarenal tumor that most often is a Wilms Tumor that is a common abdominal tumor in children

should not use deep palpation technique with these patients

A

Wilms Tumor

106
Q

Viral inflammation of the liver

: occurs only in those who have had Hep B

A

Hepatitis D

107
Q

type of dehydration that

Loss of salt > water

Water transfers from ECF to ICF to establish equilibrium, resulting in greater ECF volume loss

Physical signs tend to be more severe with smaller amount of fluid loss

Na+ <130

A

Hypotonic

108
Q

Most common bacteria is ________ Meningitidis.

A

Neisseria

109
Q

Meningeal sac contains CSF and a portion of the spinal cord

A

Myelomeningocele

110
Q

Myelomeningocele region where

mild weakness in ankles and toes

A

sacral

111
Q

Injury that is not consistent with the story
Lacerated external genitalia
Torn, stained or bloody underwear
Bedwetting
Frightened or withdrawn in presence of an adult
Delayed care

are all signs of

A

child abuse

112
Q

is a lower UTI that is in the urethra or bladder

A

Cystitis

113
Q

Monitor liver function
Potentiates phenobarbital and Dilantin altering blood levels
Therapeutic levels 50-100mEg/ml

A

Valproic acid

114
Q

Infection in the bones

Most common in lower extremity

Boys most common between age 1-12

Can happen from trauma to bone

PICC line antibiotics for 3-6 weeks

A

Osteomyelitis

115
Q

Lumbar Puncture for Meningitis will show what 4 things

A

Increased white count
Decreased glucose
Elevated protein
Positive culture for bacteria

116
Q

Imbalance in reduction and absorption in the CSF

A

Hydrocephalus

117
Q

Scoliosis or kyphosis, incontinent of urine and feces, constipation, sensory loss around genitalia, hip dysplasia, clubbed foot, difficulty swallowing, inspitroy stridor, poor cry, backward arching of head

are signs of

A

Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida)

118
Q

4 common diagnostic tests for cancer are

A

Bone Marrow Aspiration

Lumbar puncture

Complete blood count and differential

Absolute neutrophil count (less than 500 the child is at risk for infection)

119
Q

for dysplasia of the hip
In children over __ months the treatment is open or closed reduction of the hip followed by hip spica casting and bracing depending on age.

A

6 months

120
Q

Hydrocephalus 3 nursing precautions

A

Seizure precautions
Monitor for ICP
Pre and post-op care

121
Q 
Infection
Seizures activity
Sensorimotor defects
Hydrocephalus
Growth problems
Endocrine problems 
Impaired cognitive function
Behavioral changes

are common problems with

A

Brain Tumors

122
Q

Vigorous hydration with 2-3 times maintenance fluids

Correction of electrolyte imbalances

Administration of allopurinol or urate oxidase to reduce conversion of metabolic by-products to uric acid

EKG monitoring for arrhythmias

Lasix administration to promote excretion of potassium

Dialysis may be required if severe

are treatments for

A

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)

123
Q

what is the diagnostic test for Meningitis

A

Lumbar Puncture

124
Q

Congenital anomaly occurring when the esophagus does not fully develop

Most commonly the upper esophagus ends in a blind pouch with the lower part of the esophagus connected to the trachea

A

Esophageal Atresia (EA)

Tracheoesophageal Fistula

125
Q 
altered bowel and bladder function 
weight loss 
abd distention 
enlarged liver 
irritable 
fever 
difficulty breathing 
infection 
facial edema

are signs and symptoms of

A

Neuroblastoma

126
Q

when should you give a child insulin

A

after meal because they are unpredictable eaters

127
Q

increased ICP, headache when arising, nausea and vomiting, fussy, sleepy, altered LOC, poor appetite, visual problems, change in personality

are signs of

A

Hydrocephalus in children

128
Q

Triggered by hyperventilation or flashing lights, brief loss of consciousness, no more than 30 seconds, no post seizure confusion, amnesia during this time, can have 50 to 100 per day, cant be inturrupted with stimulation

A

Absence seizures

129
Q

level of dehydration where:

Weight Loss:10%+
Vital Signs Changes: tachycardia, orthostatic BP
Mucus Membranes:parched 
Tears:absent
Anterior Fontanel:sunken 
Skin: cap refil 4+ seconds 
Urine:anuria
A

severe

130
Q

if ICP gets too high we are concerned about ______

A

Herniation

131
Q

Stage of development & Response to death for which age group

Little to no concept of death
Egocentric
Mirror parental emotions
Regression to an earlier stage of behavior

A

infants/ todders

132
Q

Consciousness is impaired, automatism, may progress to generalized seizure, aura present, last 30 seconds – 5 mins, post ictal confusion

A

Complex partial seizures

133
Q

Protrusion of the meningeal sac that is filled with just CSF, no spinal cord defect

A

Meningocele

134
Q

Labs – specific gravity high in urine, increased hematocrit, increased BUN

A

Fluid Volume Deficit:

135
Q

Monitor for metabolic acidosis

Increase fluid intake to reduce risk of kidney stones

Psychomotor slowing as well as speech and language problems may develop with use of medication

A

Topiramate

136
Q

fracture where

jagged break due to twisting force applied to bone

A

spiral

137
Q

Developmentally inappropriate degrees of inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity

A

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

138
Q

A malignant, small, round cell tumor on diaphyseal or shaft portion of bones

translocation of chromosomes

A

Ewing Sarcoma

139
Q

Etiology: decrease activity in pituitary gland as a result of infarction or restriction

clinical manifestations: lack of growth

A

Growth Hormone deficit

140
Q

30-40% New onset Type 1 DM present with DKA

Can be life threatening

Weight loss, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, dehydration, flushed ears and cheek, acetone breath, kusmal respiration, altered level of consciousness, hypotension, hypoglycemia, ketones in the urine

cerebral edema can cause death

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

141
Q

Tonic clonic and partial seizures treatment

Side Effects: gingival hyperplasia, dermatitis, ataxia, nausea, anorexia, bone marrow depression, nystagmus

A

Phenytoin:

142
Q

type of dehydration that

Primary form of dehydration in children
Equal loss of water and salt
Decreased circulating volume leads to shock

A

Isotonic

143
Q

Lethargic, vomiting, resp irregular, coma

are common signs of _____

A

Shaken Baby Syndrome

144
Q

Most commonly diagnosed pediatric malignancy in children under 14 years of age

Proliferation of abnormal white blood cells in body

A

Leukemia

145
Q

what area of the brain does a generalized seizure affect

A

all

146
Q

Congenital malformation of the anorectal area – most often imperforate anus (no anal opening) and often with a fistula present

Can be associated with malformation of the urinary tract and the reproductive system

A

Anorectal Malformations

147
Q

for dignostic criteria of diabetes

Fasting plasma glucose greater than ____ (no caloric intake for 8 hours)

A

126

148
Q 
Fever 
Pain
Local inflammation 
Joint tenderness
Swelling 
Loss of movement

clinical manifestations of ______

A

Septic arthritis

149
Q

Antibody complexes become trapped in glomeruli membrane, causing inflammation and decreasing glomerular filtration

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)

150
Q

Withhold drug if rash develops

Do not discontinue abruptly

A

Lamotrigine

151
Q

5 things on Newborn Metabolic Screen

A 
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypothyroid
Cystic Fibrosis
Sickle Cell Disease
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
A variety of other metabolic disorders
152
Q 
decreased Urine Output            
decreased Serum Sodium           
decreased Serum Osmolality
increased Urine Sodium
increased Specific Gravity
A

SIADH

153
Q

Viral inflammation of the liver

is blood or body fluid transmission – immunizations have reduced the occurrence of this disease

A

Hepatitis B

154
Q

Stage of development & Response to death for which age group

Adult-like concept of death
Difficulty accepting death
Peers
Guilt & Shame

A

adolescent

155
Q

ADH is not regulated, therefore tubules do not reabsorb water resulting in _______

A

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

156
Q

every case of Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida) will have

A

bladder and bowel dysfunction

157
Q

3rd degree burn is called

A

full thickness

158
Q 
Bone pain 
Edema
Decreased mobility
Fever
Redness

are clinical manifestations of

A

Osteomyelitis

159
Q

Myelomeningocele region where

paralysis of ankles and toes

A

L3

160
Q

can be caused by CNS disturbance, medications, pulmonary disturbances

Clinical manifestations – JVD, high bp, crackles, pulmonary congestion, weight gain with no edema, changes in LOC,

Could result in death from cerebral edema

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)

161
Q

Can develop rapidly in Type 1 DM

Children at high risk due to growth rates, unpredictable eating habits and physical activity

Severe episodes can occur at night

Need to identify cause

Treatment-dependent on LOC

A

Hypoglycemia

162
Q

This occurs when a parent fabricates or causes symptoms in a child that results in the child being subjected to multiple invasive tests and treatments

The parents then get a great deal of attention from the health care team and are usually viewed as a very caring and attentive parent!

A

Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

163
Q

inherited

Muscle wasting

X linked (only seen in boys)

Terminal disorder

by the time in preteens can no longer walk

life expectancy into mid 20’s

prednisone therapy

A

Muscular Dystrophy

164
Q

is a chronic recurrent disease, primarily of the large intestine and rectal mucosa .

Inflammation is limited to the mucosa.

A

Ulcerative Colitis

165
Q

type of dehydration that

Loss of water > salt

Proportionally larger loss of water or larger intake of electrolytes

Fluid shifts from ICF to ECF to establish equilibrium

Most dangerous, requires most specific therapy

Na+ >150

A

Hypertonic

166
Q

Autosomal recessive disorder

The body cannot metabolize the essential acid phenylalanine

Lighter pigmentation, musty odor. Widely spaced teeth, growth retardation

If not managed can cause mental retardation

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

167
Q

Viral inflammation of the liver

transmitted through blood and blood products and chronic infection occurs in over 50%

No immunization is available at this time

A

Hepatitis C:

168
Q

clinical manifestation

Multiple bone fractures 
Weak muscles 
Blue or gray sclera 
Larger cranium 
Short stature
A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta - OI

169
Q

with cancer patients

Frequent urinalysis for assessment of specific gravity less than ______

Urine PH should be _____

A

1.010

7-7.5

170
Q

Most common tumor affecting the skeleton of children

puberity growth sputs (most commmon)

A

Osteosarcoma

171
Q

Protrusion of the meningeal tissue

A

Encephalocele

172
Q

1st degree burn is called

A

superficial

173
Q 
Significant decrease in LOC
Seizures
Cushing triad
Fixed and dilated pupils, papilledema
Increased systolic blood pressure 
Bradycardia 
Irregular respirations 
posturing

are all _____

A

late signs of ICP

174
Q

manuever for Muscular Dystrophy for lying down to stand up where they walk up the body

A

Gowers maneuver

175
Q

pain
swelling of limb
limp if on leg

are clinical manifestations of

A

Osteosarcoma

176
Q

Complex neurodevelopmental disorders of unknown etiology

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

177
Q

Anticonvulsive for status epilepticus, prevention of seizures during neurosurgery

Side Effects: rapid infusion lead to hypotension. Has severe SE

A

Fosphenytoin sodium

178
Q 
Seizures
Apnea
Cerebral edema
Increased ICP
Subdural effusion
Hydrocephalus
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Shock

are all

A

Late ominous signs of Meningitis

179
Q 
Increased Urine Output            
increased Serum Sodium           
increased Serum Osmolality
decreased Urine Sodium
decreased Specific Gravity
decreased Urine Osmolarity
A

DIABETES INSIPIDUS

180
Q

are childrens bones more or less dense than adults

A

more dense

181
Q

Head circumference increased rapidly, widen split sutures, frontal area not proportionate to skull size, difficulty holding head up, translucent skull veins, hyper reflexes, brisk deep tendon reflexes, poor feeding, decline in LOC

are alll ____

A

early signs in infants of Hydrocephalus

182
Q

Vertebral defect, don’t fuse,

A

Spina bifida occulta

183
Q

Lateral S or C shape of the spine

Anything more than 10 degrees will get diagnosis

most comon in girls (age 10-13)

idiopathic

A

Scoliosis

184
Q

for dignostic criteria of diabetes

Two hour plasma glucose greater than or equal to ____ during an oral glucose tolerance test

A

200

185
Q

At times a child may be put in _________ if splinting is ineffective prior to surgery or spica casting

Must maintain hips in 90 degree flexion with buttocks off bed

A

Bryant traction

186
Q

Does not have good innervation to the colon and you end up with a mega colon because of no peristalsis

Alternating constipation and diarrhea

No meconium stool in the first 24 hours

Nutritionally deficient

A

Hirschprung Disease

187
Q

Meningitis test where

Lying supine- flex head, involuntary knees and hips flexing – positive sign

A

Brudzinski

188
Q

medical emergency

Infection of the synovial space

Most common in knee but can see in ankles, elbow and hips

A

Septic arthritis

189
Q

after 5 mins of a seizure ____or_____ is usually given

A

valium or phenobarbital

190
Q

Acute encephalopathy

Permanent tissue damage, liver disfunction, associated with using aspirin

Cerebral edema, hypoglycemia, enlarged poorly function liver, seizure, change in LOC

supportive care

Mannitol

A

Reye Syndrome

PEDS (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions