Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CD 660 Exam 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Apraxia of speech (AOS) is what type of disorder?
What is it characterized by?
Is it due to impairment of muscle tone?

A
  • a phonetic-motoric disorder
  • impaired motor planning
  • no
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

AOS is characterized by what type of errors?

A

articulation and prosodic errors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

AOS sound errors are often?

A

distorted sound substitutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false?

Sound errors that occur because of AOS may be perceived as sound substitutions, as in phonemic paraphasia.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Regarding AOS: prosodic abnormalities, and to some degree sound distortion, are due to?

A

extended transitions between sound, syllables, and words.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or false?

AOS prosodic abnormalities are intersegmental errors that often result in rapid syllable transition in speech?

A

False - they result in syllable segregation in speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 3 traditional criteria for differentiating between AOS and conduction aphasia that do not appear to be helpful?

A

1) visible articulatory groping
2) inconsistency of artic errors (both location and type)
3) sequencing errors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name 5 behaviors that are inconsistent with an aphasia but are seen in AOS?

A

1) Sound distortions and distorted sound substitutions
2) abnormal prosody
3) inability to speed rate and maintain sound and prosodic integrity
4) abnormal anticipatory coarticulation
5) slow rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False?

nonverbal oral apraxia is commonly seen along with AOS, but not in isolation,

A

False - seen along with AOS and in isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Damage to what areas are often the cause of AOS?

A

The premotor and supplementary motor cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In pure AOS will there be a significant abnormality in muscle tone or reflex?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are ataxic dysarthria and AOS similar?

A

They both may demonstrate the predominance of articulatory and prosodic abnormalities and have a normal oral mechanism exam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 4 ways to distinguish an ataxic dysarthria from AOS?

A

1) speech AMRs are irregular in ataxic dysarthria but not AOS
2) irregular articulation errors and variable prosodic abnormalities are more pervasive in ataxic dysarthria
3) automatic speech is no better in ataxic dysarthria but may be better in AOS
4) perceived sound substitutions are much more common in AOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ataxic dysarthria or AOS?

1) Irregular speech AMRs
2) irregular artic errors and variable prosodic abnormalities
3) Automatic speech is no better
4) perceived sound substitutions

A

1) ataxic dysarthria
2) ataxic dysarthria
3) ataxic dysarthria
4) AOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False?

AOS and aphasia commonly co-occur, usually with a nonfluent aphasia.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or false?

Aphasia may mask AOS and AOS may mask a significant aphasia.

A

False - aphasia may mask an AOS but it is less likely that AOS will mask a significant aphasia since there will also be auditory comprehension and reading/writing problems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Naturalness tends to focus on improving _____.

A

prosody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is initial learning slower or faster with random vs. blocked practice?

A

slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or false?

Remediation should progress systematically through hierarchies of task difficulty

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

For severe impairments, you may need to start with non-speech movements, but they should be movements that are?

A

a piece of the intended speech movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If strength training is done, they should be as ____ as possible.

A

speech-like
(i.e. they target a movement made during speech production such as elevating the jaw in order to approximate the lips for a bilabial sound.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 most common strategies for achieving compensated intelligibility?

A

1) increasing loudness
2) over articulation
3) modifying speech rate

23
Q

What are the practice principles of motor learning?

A

1) Random practice facilitates the development of motor programs and thus facilitates learning, and is more efficient than blocked practice because it promotes generalization
2) intensive and repeated practice is necessary

24
Q

Flaccid and ataxic dysarthria are or are not associated with lesions in the supratentorial (in the cerebral cortex/subcortical) lesions or ant/mid/post cerebral arteries?
Why or why not?

A

Not associated because flaccid and ataxic dysarthria are lower motor damage disorders

25
Q

Hypokinetic dysarthria are or are not associated with lesions in the supratentorial (in the cerebral cortex) lesions?
Why or why not?

A

Are only associated with with supratentorial lesions because it is a umn damage disorder

26
Q

Posterior fossa lesions and lesions in the distribution of the vertebrobasilar system can cause?

A

any type of dysarthria except hypokinetic

27
Q

Damage to the spinal and peripheral levels are only associated with ?

A

flaccid dysarthria

28
Q

Which disorder is only associated with lesions at the spinal and peripheral levels

A

flaccid dysarthria

29
Q

True or false?

speech examination should always lead to an attempt at diagnosis.

A

True

30
Q

When the results of the examination cannot go beyond description, the reasons should be?

A

stated explicitly

31
Q

True or false?

A diagnosis should not be made if one cannot be determined

A

True

32
Q

name 3 pre-practice principles of motor learning as they relate to therapy.

A

1) make sure patient understands why a task is important to learn
- involve the patient in goal-setting
- don’t tell the patient to “do the best you can”
2) make the task clearly understood
3) Provide observational learning through modeling and demonstration
- use picture, video tapes, and live demos
4) verbal pretaining is used to give the patient exposure to the stimuli that will be used in the task
- clinician systematically progresses through all the stimuli before the pt begins practice
- should cover all of the stimuli that will be targeted in tx session
- repeated demos

33
Q

Parkinson’s always results in what type of MSD?

A

hypokinetic dysarthria

34
Q

True or false?

Degenerative disease can cause any type of

A

true

35
Q

True or false?

TBI can cause any type of dysarthria.

A

true

36
Q

Diseases of the neuromuscular junction can result only in which condition?

A

flaccid dysarthria

37
Q

During an OME, if a patient exhibits atrophy and fasciculations, to which MSD might this point? Hypotonia and are observed as well.

A

Flaccid dysarthria

38
Q

During an OME, if a patient exhibits pathologic oral reflexes, hyperactive gag, and psuedobulbar affect (uncontrollable laughter or crying but don’t feel happy or sad), to which MSD might this point?

A

Spastic dysarthria

39
Q

During an OME, if a patient has normal findings, nothing uncommon, but the jaw, face, and lingual movements are dysmetric (undershooting or overshooting their target) - which MSD would this indicate?

A

Ataxic dysarthria

40
Q

During an OME, if a patient has masked like face, orofacial tremulousness and reduced ROM on nonspeech AMRs would indicate which MSD?

A

Hypokinetic dysarthria

41
Q

During an OME, if a patient has quick or slow, patterned or unpatterned involuntary movements at rest, during sustained postures, AMRs would indicate which MSD?

A

Hyperkinetic dysarthria

42
Q

During an OME, if a patient has unilateral facial weakness or unilateral lingual weakness without atrophy or fasciculation would indicate which MSD?

A

UUMN dysarthria

43
Q

A patient’s speech is characterized by irregular artic breakdowns during connected speech, irregular AMRs and dysprosody.

A

Ataxic dysarthria

44
Q

A patient’s speech is characterized by monopitch, monoloudness, reduced loudness and stress, a tendency towards a rapid rate and rapid and blurred AMRs are characteristic.

A

Hypokinetic dysarthria

45
Q

A patient’s speech is characterized by mildness and somewhat nebulous abnormalities. Tendency for speech AMRs to be regular while some irregularity during connected speech

A

UUMN

46
Q

Compensatory or restorative approach?

Trying to improve the physiology supporting speech

A

Restorative

47
Q

Compensatory or restorative approach?

Use of internal strategies such as speaking louder, or external strategies like AAC.

A

Compensatory

48
Q

Name the lesion locus for the following dysarthrias:

a. Flaccid
b. Spastic
c. Ataxic
d. Hypokinetic
e. Hyperkinetic
f. Unilateral Upper Motor Damage
g. Mixed

A

a. LMN
b. UMN (bilateral)
c. Cerebellum (control circuit)
d. Basal ganglia
e. Basal ganglia
f. UMN (unilateral)
g. Two or more of the above

49
Q

When deciding whether or not someone is a candidate for a type of therapy include (6)?

A

1) medical prognosis
2) impairment and disability
3) environment and communication partners
4) motivation and needs
5) co-occurring impairments/conditions
6) healthcare system

50
Q

What does treatment focus on?

A

intelligibility, efficiency, naturalness of speech, or any combination of these.

51
Q

True or false?

Treatment should first focuses on what is quickest to fix and what will be most meaningful.

A

True

52
Q

Approaches that use speech tasks or indirect non-speech like strengthening exercises or posture would be a compensatory or restorative approach?

A

Restorative

53
Q

Making maximum use of residual physiological support would be a compensatory or restorative approach?

A

Compensated

54
Q

true or false?

most treatment is focused on compensated intelligibility.

A

true

CD 660 Exam 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions