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PBIO > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the temperate zone?

A

Between Tropic of Cancer and Arctic Circle and Tropic of Capricorn and Antarctic Circle

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2
Q

What is a pome?

Example?

A

Fleshy receptacle w/ tough center core and seeds. (Apple Pear)

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3
Q

What is a drupe?

Example?

A

Fleshy fruit w/ thin skin and central core.

cherry

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4
Q

What is grafting?

A

Reproduction by attaching tissue of one plant to the tissue of another.

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5
Q

What is a scion?

A

shoot w/ axillary/lateral buds that will become fruit producing branch

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6
Q

What is a rootstock?

A

plant on which scions are grafted

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7
Q

What are benefits and drawbacks of grafting?

A

Benefits: consistent fruit and less time to mature
Drawbacks: susceptible to disease

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8
Q

Why are pears gritty?

A

they have clusters of “stone cells”

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9
Q

Which continent/ country did apples originate?

A

Asia - Kazakhstan

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10
Q

Which berries come from the heath family?

A

Cranberries and blueberries

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11
Q

Where are the tropics?

A

Between tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn

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12
Q

Why type of fruit is citrus? what are the juice sacs?

A

hesperidium - modified trichomes

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13
Q

Where does citrus originate?

A

SE Asia/ India

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14
Q

What are the major types of sweet orange?

A

Blood, valencia and navle

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15
Q

Where did bananas originate? What type of fruit is a banana? What plant hormone stimulates ripening of banana?

A
  • Asia/australia
  • berry
  • Ethylene
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16
Q

What plant family do cereals come from?

A

Poaceae

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17
Q

What is Threshing?

A

removing bracts from grain

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18
Q

What is Winnowing?

A

separating chaff and grains

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19
Q

What is Polishing?

A

removal of bran and germ

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20
Q

What are the two major types of wheat grown?

A

Durum wheat - low rising bread, pasta

Bread wheat- high rising bread

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21
Q

What methods are used to cultivate rice?

A

Upland: not grown in standing water
Paddy: grown in standing water ( paddies)

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22
Q

What is drawback of polishing rice? What disease can you get from relying on polished rice?

A

Removes vitamin B

Berberi

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23
Q

What is corn silk?

A

long styles

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24
Q

Corn tassels?

A

groups of male flowers

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25
Q

What is the ear of corn made of?

A

Female flowers

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26
Q

What plant is wild ancestor of corn?

A

Teosinte

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27
Q

What are some examples of psuedocereals?

A

Amaranth, Buckwheat and Quinoa

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28
Q

Bract-

A

modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower

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29
Q

bran

A

hard outer layers of cereal grain

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30
Q

chaff

A

dry, scaly protective casings of the seeds of cereal grain

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31
Q

endosperm

A

tissue produced inside the seeds that provides food for seed

32
Q

germ

A

embryo of a cereal grain

33
Q

grain

A

fruit of grasses

34
Q

stolon

A

horizontal stem that grows along ground

35
Q

rhizome

A

stem of a plant that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes

36
Q

What is a pulse? Where is most of the energy stored in pulses?

A

seed of legume - cotyledons (seed leaves of embryo)

37
Q

Why did George Washington Carver advocate panting of peanuts?

A

peanuts enriched depleted soils

38
Q

What are root nodules? Why is process of fixing nitrogen important?

A

Swelling on root of legume plant containing nitrogen fixing bacteria.
Converts it to usable form

39
Q

What are amino acids?

A

Building blocks of proteins

40
Q

Where did peanuts originate

A

South America

41
Q

Pros and Cons of GMOs

A

Pros: Insect/weed resistant and greater yield

Cons-healhtfulness

42
Q

What are forage crops

Examples

A

grown w/ grasses for animal consumption

alfalfa and clovers

43
Q

What is a biennial plant? examples

A

Completes life cycle in two years

carrots, beets, radish

44
Q

Where did sweet potatoes originate? what vitamin does it have that is important

A

South America

Vitamin A

45
Q

What vegetables come from Mustard family?

What compounds give them their distinct flavor?

A

Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower

Sulfur containing compounds

46
Q

Vegetables from aster family

A

Lettuce and other leafy greens

47
Q

Why do vegetables from Alium make your eyes water

A

Sulfuric acid

48
Q

What food is made from taro

A

Poi

49
Q

what is poisonous compound found in green potatoes

A

solanine

50
Q

bulb

A

short, subterranean stem, leaves are modified for food storage
garlic, onion

51
Q

corm

A

upright stem, starch storage

stenajc corm

52
Q

Tuber

A

short subterranean storage stem

potato

53
Q

what is a vegetable fat

A

oils high in saturated fat

54
Q

Saturated fat

A

carbon atom linked by single bonds
Animal fats
less healthy

55
Q

Unsaturated fats

A

One or more double bonded carbon bonds
Healthier
Avocados, plant oils and fish

56
Q

Hydrogenation

A

hydrogen added to oil to make unsaturated fats- saturated

57
Q

what are two plant oils in the aster family

A

safflower and sunflower

58
Q

What substance in rapeseed oil is bad for health? what is another name for rapeseed oil?

A

Euracic acid- Canola oil

59
Q

where does coconut oil come from? Does it contain unsaturated or saturated fats?

A

the meat or endosperm

saturated fats

60
Q

What is difference between palm oil and palm kernel oil?

What are benefits and drawbacks of these oils

A

palm- from fruit wall
palm kernel- from seed
benefits- versatile and high yield
drawbacks- enevrionemtnally destructive

61
Q

what part of plant does jojoba oil come from? what animal is similar to it

A

seeds

sperm whale

62
Q

what other names does essential oils go by? potential functions?

A

volatile or ethereal oils

pollinator attractants

63
Q

what methods are essential oils extracted?

A

distillation -liquid to vapor then condensed
expression- oils squeezed
solvents- oils dissolved from plant tissue

64
Q

Primary Plant product

A

found in all plant class and necessary for life

65
Q

Secondary plant product

A

not found in all plant cells or species

66
Q

what is substance in cloves to treat toothaches

A

eugenol

67
Q

What substance from licorice is dangerous

A

arethole

68
Q

What does licorice flavor actually come from

A

anise oil

69
Q

Alkaloid

A

Diverse group of cyclic compounds that contain nitrogen

(caffeine, nicotine)

70
Q

Glycoside

A

form of compound w/ sugar attached (cassava and milkweed)

71
Q

snakeroot use

A

treat schiophenria and high bp

72
Q

white willow use

A

makes aspirin - inflammation/pain

73
Q

What are opioids also called

A

narcotics

74
Q

what part of poppy is opium harvested?

A

dried latex of fruits

75
Q

what are some of the natural alkaloids in opium poppy?

A

codeine, morphine

76
Q

what is laudanum

A

opium in alcohol

77
Q

What is hashish

A

Resin

PBIO (1 decks)

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