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PS - 160 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Celcius to Fahrenheit Formula

A

Tf = (9/5)*Tc+32

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2
Q

Fahrenheit to Celcius Formula

A

Tc = (5/9)*(Tf-32)

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3
Q

Celcius to Kelvin Formula

A

Tk = Tc + 273.15

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4
Q

Ratio between two units of temperature

A

(T-Tf)/(Tb-Tf) where
T is temperature
Tf is freezing point of water
Tb is boiling point of water

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5
Q

Triple Point

A

The point in which all three phases exist at a certain temperature and pressure.

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6
Q

Linear Thermal Expansion Formula

A

ΔL = αLoΔT where
α is the coefficient of linear expansion
Lo is the original linear dimension

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7
Q

Symbol for Heat

A

Q

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8
Q

Equations for Heat

A 
Q = mcΔT
Q = nCΔT
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9
Q

What is the difference between c and C?

A

c is the specific heat of a substance.

C is the molar heat capacity of a substance.

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10
Q

When is Q positive or negative?

A

Q is positive when heat is added to a body.

Q is negative when heat is removed from a body.

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11
Q

Equation for Heat during a Phase Change

A

Q = ±mL where

L is the heat of fusion, vaporization, or sublimation of an object.

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12
Q

Formula for Heat Current (Conduction)

A

H = kA((Th-Tc)/L) where
k is the thermal conductivity of the material
A is the area through which the heat flows
Th is the hot temperature
Tc is the cold temperature
L is the length of the heat-flow path

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13
Q

What is the relationship between Heat and Heat Current?

A

H = dQ/dt

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14
Q

What are the three types of heat transfer?

A

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

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15
Q

Formula for Radiation heat transfer

A

R = L/k where
k is the thermal conductivity of the material
L is the length of the heat-flow path

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16
Q

Ideal-gas Equation

A

PV=nRT where

R is a constant

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17
Q

What is the value of the constant R?

A

8.314 J / mol. K

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18
Q

Formula for Translational Kinetic Energy of a Gas as a Whole

A

Ktr = (3/2)*nRT

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19
Q

Formula for Translational Kinetic Energy of a Molecule

A

(1/2)mv^2 = (3/2)kT where

k is the Boltzmann constant

20
Q

What is the value of the Boltzmann constant?

A

1.380*10^23

21
Q

What is the molar heat capacity for a monatomic gas?

A

Cv = (3/2)*R

22
Q

What is the molar heat capacity for a diatomic gas?

A

Cv = (5/2)*R

23
Q

What is the molar heat capacity for a monatomic solid?

A

Cv = 3R

24
Q

Formula for Work in a Thermodynamic Process

A 
W = PΔV
W = ∫P dV from V1 to V2
25
Q

What is the symbol for change in internal energy?

A

ΔU

26
Q

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

A

If object A is in thermal equilibrium with object B, and object B is in thermal equilibrium with object C, then object A is in thermal equilibrium with object C.

27
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

The total energy in a closed system is constant

28
Q

Formula for First Law of Thermodynamics

A

ΔU = Q - W where
ΔU is change in internal energy
Q is heat
W is work

29
Q

What are the kinds of thermodynamic processes?

A

Adiabatic
Isochoric
Isobaric
Isothermal

30
Q

What is an adiabatic process?

A

A process where there is no heat transfer but pressure and volume change.

31
Q

What is an isochoric process?

A

A process in which volume is constant but pressure changes.

32
Q

What is an isobaric process?

A

A process in which pressure is constant but volume changes.

33
Q

What is an isothermal process?

A

A process in which temperature remains constant.

34
Q

What is the difference between Cp and Cv?

A

Cp is the specific heat capacity of a substance at constant pressure.
Cv is the specific heat capacity of a substance at constant volume.

35
Q

The is the relationship between Cp and Cv?

A

Cp = Cv + R

36
Q

What is the ratio of heat capacities?

A

γ = Cp/Cv

37
Q

What is are the formulas for work in an ideal process?

A 
W = nCvΔT
W = (Cv/R)*Δ(PV)
W = (1/γ-1)*Δ(PV)
38
Q

What is the difference between a reversible and irreversible process?

A

A reversible process is one whose direction can be reversed by a minimal change in the conditions of the process.
All other thermodynamic processes are irreversible.

39
Q

What is the formula for the equipartition theorem?

A

U=(1/2)fNkt where

f is 3 for monatomic processes and 5 for diatomic processes

40
Q

Formula for Work done by a Heat Engine

A

W = |Qh|-|Qc|

41
Q

Formula for efficiency of a Heat Engine

A

η = W/Qh = 1-|Qc/Qh|

42
Q

Formula for efficiency of an Otto Cycle

A

η = 1-(1/r^(γ-1)) where
r is the compression ratio
γ is the ratio of heat capacities

43
Q

What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

A

Total entropy in an isolated system can never decline.

44
Q

Formula for Efficiency of the Carnot Cycle

A

η = 1-(Tc/Th) = (Th-Tc)/Th

45
Q

What is Entropy?

A

Entropy is the quantitative measure of randomness or disorder of a system.

46
Q

Formula for Entropy

A

ΔS = ∫ dQ/T = Q/T where
Q is heat
T is absolute temperature

47
Q

Formula for Compression Ratio

A

r = Vmax/Vmin

PS - 160 (3 decks)

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