Exam #2 Flashcards
Indicate the origin of the religious ethic of stewardship, explain what this ethic calls for, and provide one example of this ethic in the contemporary US
The origin of the religious ethic of stewardship comes from the bible. It calls for human responsibility to care for and protect the natural world. It also says that humans are superior to nature because God made us that way. An example in the Evangelical Climate initiative, where US church leaders promote market-based mechanisms to alleviate climate change.
Define Conservation
The efficient and sustainable use of natural resources to sustain resource productivity overtime
Define Preservation
An environmental ethic/management of a resource for protection and preservation
What was the key goal of New Deal Conservation, and how was that put in practice? Explain.
The key goal was to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. It focused on the relief/recovery for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. This was put in place by creating jobs and programs to help the needy such as the Civilian Conservation Corps.
What has been the institutional and legislative legacy of the Era of the Environment in the US? Explain
The institutional legacy is the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency formed in 1970. The legislative legacy is the creation of laws that protect public health and species such as clean air/water act and biodiversity laws.
What is global warming? What is causing it? What major changes in weather patterns does it trigger? Be specific.
Global Warming is the increase in temperatures of Earth’s atmosphere due to human activity. It is caused by anthropogenic pollution—increased greenhouse gases, economic development/industrialization, etc. This triggers major changes in weather patterns such as heat waves, droughts, hurricanes, floods, etc.
Indicate top global emitters of CO2: Countries as a whole and per capita
- Country as whole: China
- Per Capita: USA
Define Distributional Equity
Everyone regardless of race, class, or gender should have the same level of environmental burden but also the same level of environmental benefits such as clean water and clean air.
Define Procedural Equity
Everyone who is affected by the decision has a voice in making the decision and all voices should be equally heard and considered.
How did, or did not the Menomonee Valley brownfields redevelopment project incorporate the goals of procedural equity? Explain briefly
The Menomonee Valley Brownfields Redevelopment project did not incorporate the goals of procedural equity because they excluded the community members from decision-making.
Why does Shiva argue that modern science is both reductionist and a patriarchal project, and how has that contributed specifically to maldevelopment? Explain in detail.
Shiva argues this because most of modern science is created by western white males. This makes it a patriarchal project as well as a reductionist project because it excludes woman as experts and has simultaneously excluded ecological and holistic ways of knowing. This contributes to maldevelopment because it is the reduction categories of scientific thought like the maximization of profits and capital accumulation and it is the root of the growing ecological crisis.
Based on “Sweet Water Organics” video/lecture, discuss in detail environment and social benefits of aquaponics.
- Environmental benefits of aquaponics are that they provide organic agriculture in a city space, fish grown in US prevents fish depletion, and they are energy efficient.
- Social benefits of aquaponics are they turn industrial buildings into aquaponic centers, and they benefit the community with protein packed fish.
Based on “Rats to Roses” video/lecture, discuss in detail environmental and cultural benefits of community gardens in NYC.
- Environmental benefits of community gardens in NYC include teaching children about agriculture, leading to sustaining the environment in the future. Also, the gardens create tons of crops for the environment.
- Cultural benefits of community gardens in NYC include bringing greens to a city filled with high-rise buildings. Also, the gardens bring different genders/races/ethnicities of people together to share their backgrounds with each other, this allowing them to build networks of support
Based on “poisoned Flowers” video/lecture, indicate four main ways in which workers are exploited in the flower industry.
- Expected to take 50% pay cut and live off small amount of money
- Little water available on farm
- Pesticides used on bugs also have a negative effect on workers’ health because they are not given appropriate clothing
- Not covered by insurance or given a pension
The global water crisis particularly negatively affects women in the developing world. Based on the lecture/video, briefly discuss three main reasons that drive increased water shortages.
- Water Scarcity– certain area of the world have more water available than others
- Water Stress – we are mining the water faster than it can be replaced
- Water Risk – many outside factors cause unequal water such as pollution, government, climate change, etc.
