Exam 2 Flashcards
The three theoretical perspectives on socialization
- Order
- Conflict
- SI
the impact of social isolation
o The Harlow monkey studies
o Anna
o Genie
Socialization
the lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture
Harry and Margaret Harlow
Monkey studies
• Artificial wire mother with a feeding tube
• Artificial mother with terry cloth covering
Harlow’s concluded that baby monkeys benefitted from contact and could recover from as much as three months of isolation. By six months irreversible emotional and behavioral damage.
Society’s Socialization agents
Family Schools Peer group Anticipatory Socialization Media
Family
Primary Agent of socialization
Imparts the ways of society
—–The child learns what is important and basic meaning of life from family
Schools
prep for adult roles
impersonal
emphasis on order control
——the child learns appropriate skills, traits and attitudes
Peer group
members have interests, social position, and age in common
——-the child learns to form social realtionships
Anticipatory Socialization
Learning that helps a person achieve a desired position
Media
helps us to define sociopolitical reality
Macro Theoretical Perspectives on Socialization:
Order Perspective
Conflict perspective
Order Perspective:
- what we are socialized into is beneficial for society
- we are socialized into the same norms and values so that society (the group) functions well
Conflict perspective:
- learn only what those in power want you to
- norms etc. serve those in power
* *who enforces order?- *competing interests
- *who has the power
- *inequality who benefits??
Modes of control vary
Small homogeneous societies
- consensus on social values - informal controls sufficient
In complex society
- groups with different, competing values - social control more formal
TYPES OF SOCIAL CONTROL
Ideological social control
Direct Social Control
Ideological social control
the attempt to manipulate the consciousness of citizens so that they accept the ruling ideology and refuse to be moved by competing ideologies
Agents of ISC
Family, education, religion, media, government
• Control our ways of thinking and feeling
• Control of what we know and dont know
• Individuals impose controls upon themselves
Direct Social Control
The attempt to punish or neutralize (render powerless) organizations or individuals who deviate from society’s norms.
Agents of DSC
welfare, science, medicine, government (control of physical behavior) • Forced sterilizations of women (poor, women of color, mentally disabled) • Tuskeegee syphilis studies • Forced institutionalization of women
Deviance
behavior that does not conform to social expectations (norms)
Stigma
- a mark of social disgrace
- separates deviants from others
Social Foundation of deviance
- Deviance varies according to cultural norms
- People become deviant as others define them that way
- The definition and application of norms reflect power and inequality
