Exam 2 Flashcards
Assistive Technology
Any item, device, or piece of equipment, from low-tech equipment such as taped stories to more sophisticated technologies such as voice-recognition and speech-synthesis devices, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional abilities of persons with disabilities.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
A disorder that begins in childhood; is marked by abnormally high levels of impulsive behavior, distractibility, and motor activity; and leads to low levels of learning.
behavior disorder
An emotional condition in which inappropriate aggressive or withdrawal behaviors are exhibited over a long period of time and to a marked degree, adversely affecting a child’s educational performance. Also called emotional disturbance
between-class ability grouping
Assigning students of similar learning ability to separate classes based on scores from standardized intelligence or achievement tests.
emotional disturbance
An emotional condition in which inappropriate aggressive or withdrawal behaviors are exhibited over a long period of time and to a marked degree, adversely affecting a child’s educational performance.
full inclusion
The practice of eliminating pullout programs (those outside the classroom) and providing regular teachers with special training so as to keep special needs students in regular classrooms. Also called inclusion.
gifted and talented
A student who show unusual ability in any of a variety of ways and who may require services not ordinarily provided by his school
inclusion
An extension of the least restrictive environment provision of IDEA in which students with disabilities are placed in regular classrooms for the entire school day and receive some instruction and support from a special education teacher.
individualized education program (IEP)
A written statement describing an educational program designed to meet the unique needs of a child with a particular disability.
intellectual disability
Defined by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities as “a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.” Previously referred to as mental retardation.
Joplin Plan
An ability grouping technique that combines students of different grade levels according to their standardized test scores.
learning disabilities
Problems in otherwise mentally fit students who are unable to respond to certain aspects of the curriculum presented in regular classrooms because of disorders in one or more basic psychological processes.
least restrictive environment
A requirement (under the 1994 Code of Federal Regulations governing the implementation of IDEA) that disabled children be provided with education in the least restrictive setting possible, usually by including them in regular classrooms.
mainstreaming
The policy of placing students with disabilities in regular classes.
regrouping
A form of ability grouping that brings together students of the same age ability, and grade but from different classrooms, for instruction in a specific subject, usually reading or mathematics.
Response to Intervention (RTI)
A diagnostic technique that assesses how well students respond to instructional interventions in order to identify the type of instruction and special education services that students require to succeed.
twice exceptional
Students who are exceptional because they are both gifted and talented and challenged in some physical, social, emotional or cognitive way.
universal design for learning
An approach to classroom instruction that seeks to eliminate the barriers to learning for all students no matter what challenges they bring with them to school.
within-class ability grouping
A form of ability grouping that involves the division of a single class of students into two or three groups for reading and math instruction.
