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Child Psychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Changes in physical development across generations

A

Secular growth trends

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2
Q

Secrete growth hormones in your sleep

A

Pituitary Gland (master gland)

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3
Q

Placing child to sleep where they will wake up

A

Sleep Routine

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4
Q

Important during infancy when growth is most rapid

A

Nutrition

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5
Q

Advantages to Breastfeeding up to a year

A
  • Easier transition to solid food
  • Child gets sick less often
  • Less contamination
  • Less expensive
  • Intimacy
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6
Q

Disadvantages of Breastfeeding for a year

A
  • Scheduling
  • Difficulties providing
  • Avoiding substances
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7
Q

Small for date due to malnutrition

A

before birth

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8
Q

Small for age malnutrition

A

after birth

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9
Q

Malnutrition is linked to

A

Decreased intelligence
Difficulties paying attention
Cycle of lethargy

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10
Q

Obesity related to

A

Basal metabolic rate
Activity levels
Media influences
External cues EX: parents

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11
Q

Difficulties related to Obesity & Proper treatment

A

Health, Social, Psychological

Self-Monitoring & parent training

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12
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Refusal to eat because of fear of gaining weight
15% below weight
May not chew food

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13
Q

Alternating between binging and purging
May appear to have normal weight
Secretly gore food

A

Bulimia nervosa

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14
Q

11 million children below 4 years old die from

A

Pneumonia
Malaria
Measles

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15
Q

Accidents among children

A

Motor vechiles (most common)
Drowning
Burns
Suffocation

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16
Q

Two ways to study Infant Sensory Development

A

Sampling with behavior tasks & Systematic Observation
NOT:
Self-report & Habituation

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17
Q

Mature at Birth

A

Smell
Touch: pain, temp change, tactile touch
Taste: bitter, sweet, sour, salty

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18
Q

Develops overtime
Fetus can at 7-8 months
4 months: can recognize names
7-8 months: use sounds to locate objects

A

Hearing

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19
Q

Auditory threshold

A

How hearing is measured; test given as a kid

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20
Q

Conductive Deafness

A

Sounds cont get into inner ear

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21
Q

Sensory-neural Deafness

A

Sound in, but can’t be transmitted

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22
Q

Visual acuity

A

Smallest pattern detected

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23
Q

Color Perception

A

Based on wavelength of light

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24
Q

Cones

A

Allow us to see color; located in retinas

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25
Q

Retinal display

A

Left and right eye see different versions of the same scene

26
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Large muscles or whole body

27
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Smaller muscle groups

28
Q

Scheme

A

Psychological structure used to organize our experiences and incorporate them into how we see the world

29
Q

Assimilation

A

Incorporating new experiences into schemes

30
Q

Accommodation

A

Modifying schemes based on experience

31
Q

Equilibration

A

Recalibrating thinking to a more advanced way of thinking

32
Q

Sensorimotor

A

Reflexes thinking to Symbolic representation
Object Permanence
Circular reactions:
Primary: own body
Second: outside body
Tertiary: likes something, do it again with variations

33
Q

Preoperational

A

Symbolic representation of objects and events
Egocentrism: difficulty seeing others POV
Centration: concentrating on one aspect of problem and missing relevant info

34
Q

Concrete Operational

A

Grasp conservation; math transformations

35
Q

Formal Operational

A

Abstract & if-then thinking

36
Q

Zone of proximal development

A

Range of learning; child’s abilities with and without help

37
Q

Scaffolding

A

Teaching that matches the amount of help needed

38
Q

Cognitive Assessment Purpose

A 
Screening
Problem solving
Diagnosis
Counseling & rehab
Progress evaluations
39
Q

Cognitive Assessment Guidlines

A

Not 100% accurate
Tests are samples of behavior
Assess strengths and weaknesses

40
Q

Cognitive Assessment Controversies

A

Culturally biased

Stigma of label following children

41
Q

WISC-IV Four Factors

A

Verbal Knowledge
Perceptual Reasoning
Working Memory
Processing Speed

42
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to learn
Ability to adapt to new environments
Ability to perform abstract thinking

43
Q

Knowledge based thinking

A

Organizing what we know to problem solve

44
Q

Apprehension

A

Reflect on past, present, future experiences

45
Q

Fluid analytical reasoning

A

Abstract thinking

46
Q

Adaptive purposeful striving

A

Strengths over weaknesses

47
Q

Mental Playfulness

A

Tolerance of uncertainty and pursuit of newness

48
Q

Idiosyncratic Learning

A

Try, fail, try again

49
Q

Spearman

A

General factor of intelligence is responsible for mental performance

50
Q

Thurstone & Thurstone

A

Multiple intelligence consists of 7 different abilities

51
Q

Carroll

A

Hierarchical theory compromised to two theories

52
Q

Gardner’s Multiple Inteligences

A

9 distinct intelligences; implicates schools should adjust teaching to child’s intellectual strengths

53
Q

Triarchic Theory

A

HOW we use our intelligence

54
Q

Contextual subtheory

A

The way we use intelligence in environments

55
Q

Componential subtheory

A

Breaking down an activity and making strategies

56
Q

Convergent thinking

A

Getting rid of throw away answers to arrive at correct answer

57
Q

Intelligence test have to be

A

Reliable: consistent
Validity: truthfulness

58
Q

Divergent thinking

A

Goal is not one single correct answer

59
Q

Mental Retardation

A
  • IQ of 70 or less
  • Not able to take care of self
  • Must be present before 18 years of age
60
Q

ADHD

A

A disorder involving failure of brain circuitry that monitors response inhibition and self-control

61
Q

Hyperactivity & impulsivity

A

Motor excess, hurried responding & acting before thinking

62
Q

Inattention

A

Quickly moving from one task to another

Child Psychology (1 decks)

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