Exam 2 Flashcards
Nursing Process
Assess Diagnose Plan (Specific, Measurable, Action-Oriented, Realistic, Timely goals) Implement Evaluate
Research Process
Identify problem Develop a question Design research methods Collect and analyze results Conclusion/interpret findings
EBP Process
Ask Acquire Appraise Apply Assess
Mean
average
median
middle numer
mode
number that occurs most often
Transformational leader
- high interactions with followers
- inspire, intellectually stimulate
- convey high expectations
- encourage followers to achieve something of significance
- focus is long term and focuses on developing people and organizations
Transactional leader
- focus on daily operations
- develop an exchange relationship with followers
- rewards followers
- focus on getting things done and satisfying interests of self and followers
quid pro quo- what is it? who uses it?
I’ll do x in exchange for you doing y
transactional leaders
Leadership development (6)
Select a mentor Lead by example Accept responsibility Share the rewards Have a clear vision Be willing to grow
Rules of leaders (5)
Maintain balance Generate self motivation Build self confidence Listen to constituents Maintain a positive attitude
Empowerment theory
power must be given away or shared with others in the organization
leadership
The use of individual traits and abilities to interpret an emerging situation and to address the situation in the absence of a script or defined plan.
management
The act of any individual who guides others through a series of routines, procedures, or practice guidelines.
followership
The optimal use of personal attributes in a team situation, while acquiescing to a peer who is leading or managing, to ensure the best clinical decision making and actions are taken to achieve clinical or organizational outcomes.
complexity theory
Complexity science promotes the idea that the world is full of systems that interact and adapt through relationships.
Nurses must be flexible and dynamic to be in tune with the everchanging systems of people, health care, public policy, and human relationships.
Trait theories
leaders of a set of physical and emotional characteristics that make people want to follow them (self-awareness)
Style theories
leaders need to have effective relationships with followers and understand factors in the workplace. (obtain feedback)
Situational-contingency theories (3 things)
- degree of trust and respect between leaders and followers
- understand goals and problems that may be faced
- reward followers and exert influence
(assess each situation and determine appropriate actions based on people involved)
Two-factor theory
hygiene and motivator factors influence the work done and the satisfaction with job
Expectancy theory
perceived probability of satisfying a particular need
OB Modification (ABC analysis)
A- antecedent analysis of clear expectations and baseline data collection
B- behavioral analysis and determination
C- consequence analysis (reinforcement strategies)
Complexity science users (5):
- develop networks
- encourage non-hierarchical interaction among workers
- become a leadership “tag”
- focus on emergence
- think systematically
Gardner’s tasks of leading/managing (10)
- envision goals
- affirm values
- motivate
- manage
- achieve workable unity
- develop trust
- explain
- serve as a symbol
- represent the group
- renew
Beneficence
- basic obligation to assist others
Altruism
- selflessness, concern of the welfare of others
Ethics
- moral code, right or wrong, better or worse
Human Dignity
- sense of self-respect and self-worth, physical and psychological integrity and empowerment
Fidelity
- keeping one’s promise or commitment
Advocacy
- duty to do good and to do no harm
Autonomy
- the right to choose what will happen to one’s self, accountability for making that choice
Justice
- treating all people equally and fairly
Nonmaleficence
- intent to do no harm
Benefits of transformational leadership
Increased: loyalty commitment job satisfaction morale job performance
Error of commission
doing the wrong thing
Error of omission
not doing things
Error of execution
did the right thing, incorrectly
adverse event
unintended harm by act of commission or omission
near miss
could have harmed a patient, but DID NOT
sentinel event
death or serious injury
slip
observable
lapse
not observable (memory failure)
mistake
goes as intended, but wrong
3 elements of nursing competency
knowledge, skill, attitude
