EXAM #2 Flashcards
WORKING MEMORY
A limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as thinking, comprehension, reasoning and learning. (Baddeley and Hitch)
RECOGNITION MEMORY
Recognition memory is the identification of a stimulus that was encountered earlier. The procedure for measuring recognition memory is to present a stimulus during a study period and later to present the same stimulus along with others that were not presented.
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORIES
Memory for specific experiences from our life, which can include both episodic and semantic components.
PERSONAL SEMANTIC MEMORIES
1 .Associated with Autobiographical memories
2. Associated with personal experiences.
semanticization of remote memories
semanticization of remote memories
constructive episodic simulation hypothesis
- Donna Rose Addis , Schacter
2. states that episodic memories are extracted and recombined to construct simulations of future event
PROCEDURAL MEMORY
SKILL MEMORY- memory for doing things that usually involve learned skills. Ex - tying shoes
PRIMING
occurs when the presentation of one stimulus (the priming stimulus) changes the way a person responds to another stimulus (the test stimulus)
PROPAGANDA EFFECT
People are more likely to rate statements they have read or heard before as being true, just because of prior exposure to the statements.
SELF - REFERENCE EFFFECT
memory of a word becomes better if you relate is to yourself
GENERATION EFFECT
Memory for material is better when a person generates the material him- or herself, rather than passively receiving it.
CONSOLIDATION
- Muller and Pilzecker
- the process that transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.
SYNAPTIC CONSOLIDATION
- Happens over a few minutes
2. involves structural changes at synapses
SYSTEMS CONSOLIDATION
- Happens over months or years
2. involves the gradual reorganization of neural circuits within the brain
LONG-TERM POTENTIATION
enhanced firing of neurons after repeated stimulation
standard model of consolidation
Proposes that memory retrieval depends on the hippocampus during consolidation, but that once consolidation is complete, retrieval no longer depends on the hippocampus.
REACTIVATION
- major consolidation mechanism
2. a process in which the hippocampus replays the neural activity associated with a memory
REMINISCENCE BUMP
The enhanced memory for adolescence and young adulthood found in people over 40
SELF-IMAGE HYPOTHESIS
Clare Rathbone - reminiscence bump
COGNITIVE HYPOTHESIS
- Happens due to stability
2. Shift in bump
CULTURAL LIFE SCRIPT HYPOTHESIS
The idea that events in a person’s life story become easier to recall when they fit the cultural life script for that person’s culture.
REPEATED RECALL
The technique of comparing later memories to memories collected immediately after the event
pragmatic inference
Inference that occurs when reading or hearing a statement leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or necessarily implied by the statement.
SCRIPT
A script is our conception of the sequence of actions that usually occurs during a particular experience
post-identification feedback effect
An increase in confidence of memory recall due to confirming feedback after making an identification, as in a police lineup
SPACING EFFECT
The advantage in performance caused by short study sessions separated by breaks from studying.
