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ANA 209 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Continuous Capillaries

A

Endothelial Cells joined by tight junctions

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2
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries

A

Endothelial Cells with pores for filtration

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3
Q

Sinusoids

A

Wide gaps between Endothelial Cells

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4
Q

Major Deep Veins of the forearm

A

Ulnar

Radial

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5
Q

3 Layers of the Heart Wall

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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6
Q

First Branch off of the aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk

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7
Q

How does blood get to the right arm, neck, and head?

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk

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8
Q

Where does ventricular contraction eject blood into?

A

The Aorta

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9
Q

Results from sympathetic stimulation to the heart

A
  • increased force and rate of contraction

- dilated coronary arteries

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10
Q

What muscle is used to stand back up after touching toes?

A

rectus abdominus

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11
Q

Pace Maker of the Heart

A

SA Node

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12
Q

What vessels carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues?

A

ascending aorta

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13
Q

How does blood return to the heart from lower limbs and abdominal cavity?

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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14
Q

How does blood return to the heart from the head, neck, thoracic cavity and upper limbs?

A

Superior Vena Cava

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15
Q

Differences of muscularity in the atria and ventricles

A

Ventricles are thicker because they pump blood to the arteries, left to the tissues and right to the lungs
Atria receives blood

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16
Q

Endocardium

A

simple squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Myocardium

A

cardiac myocytes

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18
Q

Epicardium

A

simple squamous epithelial on top of areolar tissue

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19
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when it contracts?

A

moves downward

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20
Q

Rotator Cuff SITS muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teresminor
subscapularis

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21
Q

Muscles that supinate the forearm

A

biceps brachii

supinator

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22
Q

Muscle that extends the elbow

A

triceps brachii

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23
Q

Quadriceps femoris components

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastrus intermedius

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24
Q

What term refers to thumb?

A

pollex

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25
Erythrocytes (RBC) contents
hemoglobin
26
Erythrocytes (RBC) shape
discoid
27
Properties of lymphocytes
- immunity - abundant - nucleus almost fills entire cell - 3 types * T cells * B cells * Natural Killer Cells
28
Properties of basophils
- rarest white blood cell - injured tissues - promote mobility of WBC
29
Properties of eosinophils
- rare | - mucous membranes of respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts
30
Properties of neutrophils
- most abundant - phagocytize bacteria - die while protecting
31
Properties of monocytes
- largest WBC with prominent nucleus - transform into macrophages - destroy dead or dying host/foreign cells
32
7 major formed elements
- erythrocytes - platelets - neutrophils - eosinophils - basophils - monocytes - lymphocytes
33
Erythrocytes (RBC) function
carries O2 and CO2
34
Function of platelets
small fragments of megakaryocytes that aid in blood clotting
35
Hemostatsis
cessation of bleeding
36
thrombocytosis
abnormal production of platelets
37
function of B cells
differentiate to plasma cells that secrete antibodies
38
Cardiac Muscle
- involuntary - striated - cardiocytes - myocytes
39
Smooth Muscle
- involuntary - non striated - tapered at ends
40
endomysium
- thin layer around each muscle fiber
41
perimysium
- thick layer that binds fibers into bundles called fascicles
42
epimysium
- surrounds entire muscle
43
fascia
- connective tissue sets that separate neighboring muscles from each other and the skin
44
Z- disc
- midline of I band - protein that anchors thin and elastic filaments - defines boundaries of a sarcomere
45
motor unit
- 1 motor neuron - multiple muscle fibers - behave as a single functional unit - fibers from one unit dispersed in muscle
46
motor unit
- 1 motor neuron - multiple muscle fibers - behave as a single functional unit - fibers from one unit dispersed in muscle
47
sarcomere
- functional unit of a striated muscle | - when the muscle contracts sarcomeres shorten and Z discs are pulled closer together
48
motor unit size
``` small = fine motor control large= gross motor control ```
49
Blood Supply at rest in muscles
1/4 of hearts output
50
Blood Supply heavy exercise in muscles
more than 3/4 of hearts output
51
Skeletal Muscle
- voluntary - striated - muscle fibers - myofibers
52
Most Important Muscle for Smiling
Zygomaticus major and minor
53
Most Important Muscle for Kissing
Orbicularis Oris
54
4 important muscles that from the abdominal wall
- external abdominal oblique - internal abdominal oblique - transverse abdominal - rectus abdominus
55
transverse abdominal
compress abdominal contents
56
Muscle for "up" part of sitting up and standing up from touching your toes
rectus abdominus
57
Germinal centers
- within lymph nodes and the spleen
58
Thymus
- bilobed organ between sternum and aortic arch | - develop lymphocytes and secretes hormones
59
Two largest lymphatic vessels
- thoracic duct | - right lymphatic duct
60
Where does the thoracic duct end?
right subclavian vein
61
Where does the right lymphatic duct end?
left subclavian vein
62
Histological properties of larger lymphatic vessels
- tunica interna w/ valves - tunica media w/ elastic fibers and smooth muscle - thin tunica externa - walls thinner than veins
63
Humoral immunity is done by
B lymphocytes and antibodies
64
Immune System
- population of disease-fighting cells that reside in mucous membranes, lymphatic organs, and other localities in the body
65
Arteries vs. Veins
- veins have lower pressure | - veins don't have thick pressure resistant walls

ANA 209 (1 decks)

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