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ANA 209 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Continuous Capillaries

A

Endothelial Cells joined by tight junctions

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2
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries

A

Endothelial Cells with pores for filtration

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3
Q

Sinusoids

A

Wide gaps between Endothelial Cells

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4
Q

Major Deep Veins of the forearm

A

Ulnar

Radial

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5
Q

3 Layers of the Heart Wall

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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6
Q

First Branch off of the aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk

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7
Q

How does blood get to the right arm, neck, and head?

A

Brachiocephalic Trunk

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8
Q

Where does ventricular contraction eject blood into?

A

The Aorta

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9
Q

Results from sympathetic stimulation to the heart

A
  • increased force and rate of contraction

- dilated coronary arteries

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10
Q

What muscle is used to stand back up after touching toes?

A

rectus abdominus

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11
Q

Pace Maker of the Heart

A

SA Node

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12
Q

What vessels carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues?

A

ascending aorta

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13
Q

How does blood return to the heart from lower limbs and abdominal cavity?

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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14
Q

How does blood return to the heart from the head, neck, thoracic cavity and upper limbs?

A

Superior Vena Cava

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15
Q

Differences of muscularity in the atria and ventricles

A

Ventricles are thicker because they pump blood to the arteries, left to the tissues and right to the lungs
Atria receives blood

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16
Q

Endocardium

A

simple squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Myocardium

A

cardiac myocytes

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18
Q

Epicardium

A

simple squamous epithelial on top of areolar tissue

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19
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when it contracts?

A

moves downward

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20
Q

Rotator Cuff SITS muscles

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teresminor
subscapularis

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21
Q

Muscles that supinate the forearm

A

biceps brachii

supinator

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22
Q

Muscle that extends the elbow

A

triceps brachii

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23
Q

Quadriceps femoris components

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastrus intermedius

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24
Q

What term refers to thumb?

A

pollex

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25
Q

Erythrocytes (RBC) contents

A

hemoglobin

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26
Q

Erythrocytes (RBC) shape

A

discoid

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27
Q

Properties of lymphocytes

A
  • immunity
  • abundant
  • nucleus almost fills entire cell
  • 3 types
  • T cells
  • B cells
  • Natural Killer Cells
28
Q

Properties of basophils

A
  • rarest white blood cell
  • injured tissues
  • promote mobility of WBC
29
Q

Properties of eosinophils

A
  • rare

- mucous membranes of respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts

30
Q

Properties of neutrophils

A
  • most abundant
  • phagocytize bacteria
  • die while protecting
31
Q

Properties of monocytes

A
  • largest WBC with prominent nucleus
  • transform into macrophages
  • destroy dead or dying host/foreign cells
32
Q

7 major formed elements

A
  • erythrocytes
  • platelets
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
  • monocytes
  • lymphocytes
33
Q

Erythrocytes (RBC) function

A

carries O2 and CO2

34
Q

Function of platelets

A

small fragments of megakaryocytes that aid in blood clotting

35
Q

Hemostatsis

A

cessation of bleeding

36
Q

thrombocytosis

A

abnormal production of platelets

37
Q

function of B cells

A

differentiate to plasma cells that secrete antibodies

38
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
  • involuntary
  • striated
  • cardiocytes
  • myocytes
39
Q

Smooth Muscle

A
  • involuntary
  • non striated
  • tapered at ends
40
Q

endomysium

A
  • thin layer around each muscle fiber
41
Q

perimysium

A
  • thick layer that binds fibers into bundles called fascicles
42
Q

epimysium

A
  • surrounds entire muscle
43
Q

fascia

A
  • connective tissue sets that separate neighboring muscles from each other and the skin
44
Q

Z- disc

A
  • midline of I band
  • protein that anchors thin and elastic filaments
  • defines boundaries of a sarcomere
45
Q

motor unit

A
  • 1 motor neuron
  • multiple muscle fibers
  • behave as a single functional unit
  • fibers from one unit dispersed in muscle
46
Q

motor unit

A
  • 1 motor neuron
  • multiple muscle fibers
  • behave as a single functional unit
  • fibers from one unit dispersed in muscle
47
Q

sarcomere

A
  • functional unit of a striated muscle

- when the muscle contracts sarcomeres shorten and Z discs are pulled closer together

48
Q

motor unit size

A 
small = fine motor control
large= gross motor control
49
Q

Blood Supply at rest in muscles

A

1/4 of hearts output

50
Q

Blood Supply heavy exercise in muscles

A

more than 3/4 of hearts output

51
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A
  • voluntary
  • striated
  • muscle fibers
  • myofibers
52
Q

Most Important Muscle for Smiling

A

Zygomaticus major and minor

53
Q

Most Important Muscle for Kissing

A

Orbicularis Oris

54
Q

4 important muscles that from the abdominal wall

A
  • external abdominal oblique
  • internal abdominal oblique
  • transverse abdominal
  • rectus abdominus
55
Q

transverse abdominal

A

compress abdominal contents

56
Q

Muscle for “up” part of sitting up and standing up from touching your toes

A

rectus abdominus

57
Q

Germinal centers

A
  • within lymph nodes and the spleen
58
Q

Thymus

A
  • bilobed organ between sternum and aortic arch

- develop lymphocytes and secretes hormones

59
Q

Two largest lymphatic vessels

A
  • thoracic duct

- right lymphatic duct

60
Q

Where does the thoracic duct end?

A

right subclavian vein

61
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct end?

A

left subclavian vein

62
Q

Histological properties of larger lymphatic vessels

A
  • tunica interna w/ valves
  • tunica media w/ elastic fibers and smooth muscle
  • thin tunica externa
  • walls thinner than veins
63
Q

Humoral immunity is done by

A

B lymphocytes and antibodies

64
Q

Immune System

A
  • population of disease-fighting cells that reside in mucous membranes, lymphatic organs, and other localities in the body
65
Q

Arteries vs. Veins

A
  • veins have lower pressure

- veins don’t have thick pressure resistant walls

ANA 209 (1 decks)

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