exam 2

Question 1

o Primary appraisal

Answer 1

• Understand what an event is and what it will mean

- Events are appraised for their harm, threat, or challenge

Question 2

o Secondary appraisal

Answer 2

-Assessing whether personal resources are sufficient to meet the demands of the environment

Question 3

o Person-environment fit

Answer 3

-Results from the process of appraising events, assessing potential resources, and responding to the events

Question 4

Fight or Flight Response-

Answer 4

Body is aroused and motivated via the sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system when a threat is perceived (cannon 1932)

Question 5

Reactivity:

Answer 5

Degree of change that occurs in autonomic, neuroendocrine, and/or immune responses as a result of stress

Question 6

Allostatic Load:

Answer 6

Physiological costs of chronic exposure to the physiological changes from repeated or chronic stress

Question 7

Acute stress Paradigm-

Answer 7

• People performing stressful tasks become psychologically distressed and show physiological arousal
• Identifies individuals most vulnerable to stress
• Shows that stress responses can be reduced with the presence of a partner or a stranger

Question 8

inducing disease

Answer 8

-Intentionally exposing people to viruses and assessing whether they get ill and the intensity of illness

Question 9

Role conflict

Answer 9

occurs when a person receives conflicting info about work tasks or standards from different individuals

Question 10

Demand-control-support model:

Answer 10

High demands and low control, combined with little social support at work

Question 11

stress

Answer 11

o Negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes

Question 12

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 12

Hans Seyles said when a person confronts a stressor, it mobilizes itself for action. The response itself is nonspecific with respect to the stressor; that is, regardless of the cause of the threat, the person will respond with the same physiological pattern of reactions

Question 13

3 stages in the General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 13

1. Alarm-the person becomes mobilized to meet the threat
2. Resistance-the person makes efforts to cope w the threat as through confrontation
3. Exhaustion- occurs if the person fails to overcome the threat and depletes its physiological resources in the process of trying

Question 14

What are some criticisms of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

Answer 14

• assigns a limited role to psychological factors
• not all stressors produce the same endocrinological responses
• continued activation accumulates the most damage to physiological systems
• fails to address the devaluating effects of stress

Question 15

Tend and befriend

Answer 15

Theory that maintains that in addition to fight or flight, people and animals respond to stress with social affiliation and nurturant behavior toward offspring

Question 16

What are the 5 top stressors?

Answer 16

1. money
2. the economy
3. work
4. family health problems
5. family responsibilities

Question 17

Oxytocin

Answer 17

Stress hormone which is rapidly released in stressful events and its effects are especially influenced by estrogen, suggesting a particularly important role in the responses of stress in women

Question 18

direct physiological effects of stress include:

Answer 18

• elevated blood pressure
• decreased ability of the immune system to fight off infection
• changes in lipid levels
• change in cholesterol

Question 19

What are the 4 most important pathways stress affects health?

Answer 19

1. Physiology
2. health behaviors
3. psychosocial resources
4. healthcare