Exam #2

Question 1

Abu Bakr (632-34)

Answer 1

1. Quraysh Tribe
2. First Sunni Muslim
3. Father-in-law of Muhammad (Aisha)
4. Subdues bedouin revolt
5. Declares Jihad on Byzantine Christians

Question 2

Umar (634-44)

Answer 2

1. Father-in-law of Muhammad (another wife)
2. Quraysh Tribe
3. Sunni
4. Amir = commander of the Faithful
5. Conquers Egypt/Jerusalem/Syria/Iraq
6. Jizya tax of tolerance
7. Assassinated by Christians

Question 3

Uthman (644-56)

Answer 3

1. Umayyad Tribe
2. Sunni
3. Son-in-law of Muhammad
4. Consolidates power
5. Conquers Cyprus
6. Codifies Qu’ran
7. Assassinated by rebels

Question 4

Ali (651-61)

Answer 4

1. Quryash Tribe
2. Shiite
3. Cousin of Muhammad
4. Son-in-law of Muhammad (Fatima)

Question 5

Civil War (651-61)

Answer 5

1. Assasins of Uthman unpunished by Ali
2. Umayyads fired
3. Mu’awiya challenges Ali’s leadership
4. Aisha also challenges
5. Battle of Camel (Ali wins)

Question 6

Battle of Damascus

Answer 6

1. “Let God Decide” (Army puts Quranic verses on spears)
2. Arbitration
3. Ali rejects the decision
4. Shiite groups reject Ali
5. Ali killed by his own followers
6. Mu’awiya wins civil war

Question 7

Umayyad Dynasty (661-680)

Answer 7

1. Reconstructs empire
2. Regional governors
3. Nomad Army to stop Byzantines
4. Damascus Capital

Question 8

Golden age of Islam

Answer 8

750-1258 A.D.

Question 9

Ibn Khaldun

Answer 9

One of the fathers on Middle East history