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EMT Class > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

Signs of Shock

A

heart fails as a pump
blood volume is lost
blood vessels dilate

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2
Q

SAMPLE History

A 
signs and symptoms
allergies
medications
past history
last meal
events leading to
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3
Q

OPQRST

A 
onset
provoking
quality
radiation
severity
time
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4
Q

types of soft tissue injuries

A

closed wounds - contusion, hematoma, crush injury

open wounds - abrasion, laceration, puncture, avulsion, amputation, crush injury

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5
Q

CSF`

A

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

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6
Q

Initial assessment

A

the assessment steps to discover and treat any life-threatening problems
six steps - forming a general impression
assessing mental status
assessing airway
assessing breathing
assessing circulation
determining the priority of the patient and transport to the hospital

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7
Q

Trauma assessment steps

A 
SS - BSI
GI
C-Spine
AVPU
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
PALS - priority, activate ALS, rapid transport
Rapid Assessment
Baseline Vitals
SAMPLE History
Detailed Physical Exam
Ongoing Assessment
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8
Q

Medical assessment steps

A 
SS - BSI
GI
AVPU
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
PALS
S-OPQRST
AMPLE
Focussed Assessment
Baseline Vitals
Medical Direction or Standing Order - Medication
Ongoing Assessment
Check Interventions
Reassess Patient
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9
Q

Detailed Physical Exam

A

Look for secondary injuries using DCAP-BTLS and Crepitus and treating as found

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10
Q

Rapid Assessment

A

looking for life threatening injuries and medical alert tags
Check- skull and facial bones
eyes for PEARL and raccoon eyes
ears and nose for CSF and Blood
mouth for possible obstructions and suction
back of neck for DCAP-BTLS and crepitus
front of neck for tracheal deviation and JVD
measure and apply collar
scapulas
shoulders
clavicles
sternum
ribs
LS-6 spots
abdominal quadrants- guarding, rigidity, tenderness, and distention
pelvis for instability
genitalia for priapism or excessive bleeding
extremities- pulse, cap refill, and neuro
logroll- check posterior for DCAP-BTLS and crepitus and LS(4 spots)

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11
Q

MOI

A

mechanism of injury

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12
Q

Patient priority

A

higher priority

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13
Q

AVPU

A

Conscience Oriented Alert x 4

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14
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care info and providing the patient with control over how this info is used and distributed

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15
Q

Characteristics of a pulse

A

the rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries

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16
Q

Pertinent Negative

A

signs or symptoms that do not apply to what the patient is complaining of

Things you assess where nothing is found

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17
Q

Subjective vs Objective

A

sub- info provided to you

obj- info that you perceive using owns senses

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18
Q

How to make corrections on a patient care report

A

draw a single horizontal line through it, initial, and write the correct info beside it

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19
Q

Vial of Life

A

a system that allows patients to keep all their medical history at their home

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20
Q

What info should be placed in quotes on a patient care report

A

The Chief Complaint

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21
Q

What is a Repeater

A

a device that picks up signals from lower-power radio-units, such as mobile and pertable radios, and retransmits them at a higher power. It allows low-power radio signals to be transmited over longer distances

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22
Q

What is blunt force trauma

A

injury caused by a blow that does not penetrate the skin or other body tissues

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23
Q

When can you let go of manual stabilization

A

na

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24
Q

what height is considered severe in falls

A

na

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25
Q

CTC

A

Color
Temp
Condition

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26
Q

indictions of an open airway

A

na

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27
Q

PEARL

A

pupils equal and reactive to light

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28
Q

Scene Size up

A

steps taken by ambulance crew when approaching the scene of an emergency call: checking scene safety, taking standard precautions, noting the mechanism of injury or nature of the patients illness, determining the number of patients, and deciding what, if any, additional resources to call for

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29
Q

how many vertebrae are in each section of the spine

A 
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccyx - 4
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30
Q

Most common areas of spine to be injured

A

Cervical/Lumbar

31
Q

What is referred pain

A

pain felt in a location other than where the pain originates

32
Q

signs of brain injury

A

na

33
Q

how often to reassess a patient

A

trauma - 5 min

non trauma - !5 min

34
Q

traction splint

A

used when splinting the femur to keep the muscle around the bone from having spasms

35
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

the pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries

36
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

the pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling

37
Q

how to open an airway

A

na

38
Q

pulse to check

A

na

39
Q

signs of a concussion

A

groggy
headache
loss of consciousness
some loss of memory

40
Q

when do you use the emergency response guidebook

A

na

41
Q

parts of the musculoskeletal system

A 
skull
spinal column
thorax
pelvis
lower/upper extremities
joints
muscles
42
Q

how and when to suction

A

na

43
Q

how to assess the abd

A

check for guarding distention rigidity tenderness

44
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

45
Q

difference between a sign and a symptom

A

na

46
Q

signs of potential spinal injury

A

na

47
Q

danger zone at a MVA

A

100 feet

48
Q

nitroglycerin

A

a drug that helps dilate the coronary vessels that supple the heart muscle with blood

49
Q

chief complaint

A

in emergency medicine, the reason EMS was called, usually in the patients own words

50
Q

CPR and AED

A

na

51
Q

CSM or PMS

A

circulation sensation motion

52
Q

Injuries to the musculoskeletal system

A

fracture
dislocation
sprain
strain

53
Q

trending vital signs

A

na

54
Q

how to splint

A

na

55
Q

how to board

A

na

56
Q

crepitus

A

grating sound or feeling of broken bones rubbing together

57
Q

battle signs and raccoon eyes

A

na

58
Q

flail chest

A

Fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allow for free movement of the fractured segment

59
Q

paradoxical movement

A

Movement of a section of ribs that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest during respiration

60
Q

pulse check on an infant

A

brachial artery

61
Q

how to ventilate a stoma

A

Clear any mucus plugs or secretions from stoma
Leave the head and neck in a neutral position
use pediatric sized mask and seal around stoma
Ventilate at the appropriate rate for patient
If unable - seal stoma and try through mouth and nose

62
Q

portions of a patient care report

A 
Data elements
Run data
Patient data
Check boxes
Narrative
63
Q

causes of flat jugular veins

A

na

64
Q

upper and lower jaw

A

Upper - Maxilla

Lower - Mandible

65
Q

cap refill

A

Blood refilling under finger nails and toe nails

66
Q

signs of CO poisoning

A 
Headache (a band around the head)
Dizziness
Breathing difficultly 
Nausea
Cyanosis
Altered mental status
In severe cases- unconsciousness
67
Q

what is a base station

A

Two-way radios that are at a fixed site such as a hospital or dispatch center

68
Q

anaphylaxis and epinephrine

A

ana - a severe or life threatening allergic reaction in which the blood vessels dilate, causing a drop in blood pressure, and the tissues lining the respiratory system swell, interfering with the airway
epi - a hormone produced by the body. as a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relive severe allergic reactions

69
Q

two primary techniques for assessing most areas of the body

A

na

70
Q

checking responsiveness of an infant

A

patting feet

71
Q

priapism

A

persistent erection of the penis that may result from spinal cord injury and some medical problems

72
Q

where is the appendix

A

near the junction of the small and large intestine in the RLQ of the abdomen

73
Q

cyanosis

A

a blue or grey color resulting form lack of oxygen in the body

74
Q

posturing

A

involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury

EMT Class (2 decks)

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