Exam 2 Flashcards by Matt Parziale

Signs of Shock

heart fails as a pump
blood volume is lost
blood vessels dilate

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SAMPLE History

signs and symptoms
allergies
medications
past history
last meal
events leading to

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OPQRST

onset
provoking
quality
radiation
severity
time

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types of soft tissue injuries

closed wounds - contusion, hematoma, crush injury

open wounds - abrasion, laceration, puncture, avulsion, amputation, crush injury

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CSF`

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

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Initial assessment

the assessment steps to discover and treat any life-threatening problems
six steps - forming a general impression
assessing mental status
assessing airway
assessing breathing
assessing circulation
determining the priority of the patient and transport to the hospital

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Trauma assessment steps

SS - BSI
GI
C-Spine
AVPU
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
PALS - priority, activate ALS, rapid transport
Rapid Assessment
Baseline Vitals
SAMPLE History
Detailed Physical Exam
Ongoing Assessment

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Medical assessment steps

SS - BSI
GI
AVPU
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
PALS
S-OPQRST
AMPLE
Focussed Assessment
Baseline Vitals
Medical Direction or Standing Order - Medication
Ongoing Assessment
Check Interventions
Reassess Patient

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Detailed Physical Exam

Look for secondary injuries using DCAP-BTLS and Crepitus and treating as found

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Rapid Assessment

looking for life threatening injuries and medical alert tags
Check- skull and facial bones
eyes for PEARL and raccoon eyes
ears and nose for CSF and Blood
mouth for possible obstructions and suction
back of neck for DCAP-BTLS and crepitus
front of neck for tracheal deviation and JVD
measure and apply collar
scapulas
shoulders
clavicles
sternum
ribs
LS-6 spots
abdominal quadrants- guarding, rigidity, tenderness, and distention
pelvis for instability
genitalia for priapism or excessive bleeding
extremities- pulse, cap refill, and neuro
logroll- check posterior for DCAP-BTLS and crepitus and LS(4 spots)

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MOI

mechanism of injury

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Patient priority

higher priority

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AVPU

Conscience Oriented Alert x 4

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HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care info and providing the patient with control over how this info is used and distributed

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Characteristics of a pulse

the rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries

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Pertinent Negative

signs or symptoms that do not apply to what the patient is complaining of

Things you assess where nothing is found

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Subjective vs Objective

sub- info provided to you

obj- info that you perceive using owns senses

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How to make corrections on a patient care report

draw a single horizontal line through it, initial, and write the correct info beside it

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Vial of Life

a system that allows patients to keep all their medical history at their home

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What info should be placed in quotes on a patient care report

The Chief Complaint

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What is a Repeater

a device that picks up signals from lower-power radio-units, such as mobile and pertable radios, and retransmits them at a higher power. It allows low-power radio signals to be transmited over longer distances

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What is blunt force trauma

injury caused by a blow that does not penetrate the skin or other body tissues

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When can you let go of manual stabilization

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what height is considered severe in falls

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CTC

Color Temp Condition

indictions of an open airway

PEARL

pupils equal and reactive to light

Scene Size up

steps taken by ambulance crew when approaching the scene of an emergency call: checking scene safety, taking standard precautions, noting the mechanism of injury or nature of the patients illness, determining the number of patients, and deciding what, if any, additional resources to call for

how many vertebrae are in each section of the spine

``` Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacral - 5 Coccyx - 4 ```

Most common areas of spine to be injured

Cervical/Lumbar

What is referred pain

pain felt in a location other than where the pain originates

signs of brain injury

how often to reassess a patient

trauma - 5 min | non trauma - !5 min

traction splint

used when splinting the femur to keep the muscle around the bone from having spasms

systolic blood pressure

the pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries

diastolic blood pressure

the pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling

how to open an airway

pulse to check

signs of a concussion

groggy headache loss of consciousness some loss of memory

when do you use the emergency response guidebook

parts of the musculoskeletal system

``` skull spinal column thorax pelvis lower/upper extremities joints muscles ```

how and when to suction

how to assess the abd

check for guarding distention rigidity tenderness

AAA

abdominal aortic aneurysm

difference between a sign and a symptom

signs of potential spinal injury

danger zone at a MVA

100 feet

nitroglycerin

a drug that helps dilate the coronary vessels that supple the heart muscle with blood

chief complaint

in emergency medicine, the reason EMS was called, usually in the patients own words

CPR and AED

CSM or PMS

circulation sensation motion

Injuries to the musculoskeletal system

fracture dislocation sprain strain

trending vital signs

how to splint

how to board

crepitus

grating sound or feeling of broken bones rubbing together

battle signs and raccoon eyes

flail chest

Fracture of two or more adjacent ribs in two or more places that allow for free movement of the fractured segment

paradoxical movement

Movement of a section of ribs that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest during respiration

pulse check on an infant

brachial artery

how to ventilate a stoma

Clear any mucus plugs or secretions from stoma Leave the head and neck in a neutral position use pediatric sized mask and seal around stoma Ventilate at the appropriate rate for patient If unable - seal stoma and try through mouth and nose

portions of a patient care report

``` Data elements Run data Patient data Check boxes Narrative ```

causes of flat jugular veins

upper and lower jaw

Upper - Maxilla | Lower - Mandible

cap refill

Blood refilling under finger nails and toe nails

signs of CO poisoning

``` Headache (a band around the head) Dizziness Breathing difficultly Nausea Cyanosis Altered mental status In severe cases- unconsciousness ```

what is a base station

Two-way radios that are at a fixed site such as a hospital or dispatch center

anaphylaxis and epinephrine

ana - a severe or life threatening allergic reaction in which the blood vessels dilate, causing a drop in blood pressure, and the tissues lining the respiratory system swell, interfering with the airway epi - a hormone produced by the body. as a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relive severe allergic reactions

two primary techniques for assessing most areas of the body

checking responsiveness of an infant

patting feet

priapism

persistent erection of the penis that may result from spinal cord injury and some medical problems

where is the appendix

near the junction of the small and large intestine in the RLQ of the abdomen

cyanosis

a blue or grey color resulting form lack of oxygen in the body

posturing

involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury