Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EKG > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

arrhythmia

A
  • any electrical disturbance that changes rate, regulatity, site of origin or conduction pathway in pathologic way
  • single beat or sustained
  • benign to life threatening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

causes of arrhythmias

A
  • hypoxia
  • ischemia and irritability
  • sympathetic stimulation
  • drugs
  • electrolyte disturbances
  • enlargement and hypertrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

types of arrhythmias

A
  • form SA node
  • ectopic rhythm
  • recurrent arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ectopic rhythms

A
  • originate form focus other than SA node
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

recurrent arrhythmias

A

electrical activity trapped in a continuous circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sinus tachycardia

A
  • rhythm > 100 bpm
  • normal or pathologic
  • pathologic due to hyperthyroidism or PE**
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sinus bradycardia

A
  • rhythm < 60 bpm
  • normal or pathologic
  • normal happens in well conditioned athletes
  • pathologic- vasovagal syncope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sinus arrest

A
  • sinus node stops firing
  • causes flat line
  • length of line depends on if and when rescue beat occurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

asystole

A

prolonged sinus arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rescue beat

A
  • aka escape beat

- originate from atria, AV node, or ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sick sinus syndrome

A
  • dysfunction of SA node

- inability to generate heart rate that meets physiological needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

possible results of sick sinus syndrome

A
  • bradycardia
  • sinus pauses
  • sinus arrest
  • paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

supraventricular arrhythmias

A
  • originate in atria or AV node

- single beat or sustained rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ectopic rhythms

A
  • arises elsewhere not sinus node
  • sustained rhythms
  • enhanced automaticity of non-sinus site
  • abnormal acceleration of depolarization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a common cause of ectopic rhythms

A

medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does AVNRT stand for

A
  • AV node reciprocating tachycardia

- type of reentry loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

characteristics of AVNRT

A
  • sudden onset and offset*
  • can vary in size
  • if no P wave then it originated below atria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what reentry loop involves entire heart

A

AV reentry tachycardia- AVRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

characteristics of AVRT

A
  • accessory pathway between atrium and ventricle bypasses AV node
  • connects directly to his bundle, ventricular myocardium or one of fascicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 questions to ask about rhyhm

A
  • is it regular or irregular
  • P waves present?
  • do P waves precede each QRS?
  • are QRS narrow or wide?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

premature atrial contractinon

A
  • usually due to ectopic focus
  • isolated beat that comes early
  • P wave morphology sometimes looks different
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

types of supraventricular arrhythmias

A
  • paroxysmal supraventriclar tachy
  • a flutter
  • a fib
  • multifocal atrial tachycardia
  • paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

A
  • usually initiated by premature supraventricular beat
  • driven by recurrent loop in AV node
  • regular rhythm, very rapid
24
Q

causes of SVT

A
  • very common
  • can occur in normal heart
  • alcohol
  • coffee
  • excitement
25
Q

mechanisms to break SVT

A
  • valsalva maneuver first
  • if valsalva doesnt work give adenosine
  • carotid massage
26
Q

atrial flutter

A
  • common
  • regular but very rapid rate
  • rapid fire atrium
  • have “flutter” p waves
  • saw tooth appearance
27
Q

common conditions associated with a flutter

A
  • HTN
  • electrolyte abnormalities
  • alcohol
  • drug abuse (Stimulants)
  • thryotoxicosis
  • cardiac conditions
28
Q

atrial fibrillation

A
  • atria activity is completely chaotic
  • AV node can be bombarded with > 500 impluses/ min
  • multiple reentrant circuits
  • no true P waves
  • irregularly irregular ventricular rate
29
Q

conditions associated with a fib

A
  • HTN
  • mitral valve disease
  • PE
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • pericarditis
30
Q

multifocal atrial tachycardia

A
  • irregular rhythm at 100-200 bpm
  • random firing of several different ectopic atrial foci
  • common in lung disease
  • p waves vary in morphology
31
Q

what is multifocal atrial tachycardia called if its less than 100 bpm

A

wandering atrial pacemakers

32
Q

premature ventricular contraction

A
  • most common ventricular arrhythmia
  • QRS wide and bizarre
  • happens before next beat should occur
  • isolated PVC is normal
33
Q

ventricular bigeminy

A
  • for every sinus beat you get a ventricular ectopic beat/ PVC
34
Q

ventricular trigeminy

A

two normal beats to one PVC

35
Q

when are PVCs dangrous?

A
  • when frequent
  • when runs of more than 3 in a row (called v tach)
  • when variable in morphology
  • when pt is having MI
36
Q

ventricular tachycardia classifications

A
  • non-sustained v tach (NSVT)

- sustained v tach (SVT)

37
Q

non-sustained v tach

A
  • common
  • usually asymptomatic
  • potential marker for sustained v tach but usually benign if no heart disease
  • usually < 30 sec
38
Q

sustained v tach

A
  • pulse present vs. pulseless
  • conscious vs unconcious
  • leads to v fib -> death
  • lasts greater than 30 sec
39
Q

ventricular fibrilation

A
  • v tach degenerates into v fib
  • no discernible QRS complexes
  • no cardiac output
  • immediate CPR and defibrillation required
40
Q

causes of v fib

A
  • MI (most common)
  • myocardial ischemia
  • HF
  • hypoxemia or hypercapnia
  • hypotension/ shock
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • stimulants
  • often preceded by v tach
41
Q

torsades de pointe

A
  • unique form of v tach
  • usually seen with prolonged QT intervals
  • QRS complexes spiral around baseline, change amplitude and axis
42
Q

conduction block

A
  • obstruction or delay of flow of electricity along normal electrical pathway
43
Q

types of conduction blocks

A
  • sinus node block
  • AV block
  • BBB
44
Q

sinus node block

A
  • sinus node fires but wave of depol is immediately blocked
  • atria doesnt contract
  • causes sinus pause/arrest
45
Q

AV block

A
  • any conduction block between sinuse node and purkinje fibers
46
Q

types of AV block

A
  • first degree AVB
  • second degree- mobitz I or II
  • third degree ABV
47
Q

bundle branch block

A
  • conduction block in one or both ventricular BB
  • can occur in main BB or within one of fascicles
  • wide QRS
48
Q

what is LBB associated with

A
  • coronary artery disease

- very concerning in setting of MI

49
Q

first degree AV block

A
  • prolonged delay in AV node conduction
  • normal depol of atria
  • prolonged PR
  • every atrial impulse makes it through
50
Q

second degree AV block

A
  • not every atrial impulse makes it through
  • P to QRS >1:1
  • either mobitz I or mobitz II
51
Q

mobitz type I

A
  • aka wenchebach
  • each atrial impulse gets has longer delay
  • usually 3rd of 4th impulse fails to make it through
  • not indication for pacemaker
52
Q

mobitz type II

A
  • block below AV node in his
  • some but not at atrial impulses transmitted
  • two or more beats with normal PR then dropped beat
  • cycle is repeated
  • indication for pacemaker
53
Q

third degree heart block

A
  • aka complete heart block
  • no atrial impulses make it to ventricles
  • site can be at AV node or lower
  • escape rhythm generated below block
  • atria and ventricles become dissociated
  • pacemaker indicated
54
Q

RBBB

A
  • R ventricular depolarization is delayed
  • wide QRS
  • r-R’ bunny ear pattern
  • wide S in V6
  • can be in normal or sick hearts
55
Q

LBBB

A
  • delayed ventricular depolarization
  • prolongation in rise of R waves in leads over left ventricle
  • broad and notched QRS
  • leads over R ventricle will show broad S wave
56
Q

what does LBBB usually suggest

A

coronary artery disease

EKG (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions