EXAM 2

Question 1

Kinship/Relatedness

Answer 1

Social force that organizes people into groups, based on AFFINITY, DESCENT, and SHARING

Question 2

Affinity (kinship)

Answer 2

relationship that is created or exists between 2 or more people as a result of someone’s marriage

Question 3

Descent (kinship)

Answer 3

Bilateral - traced through both parents
Uni-lineal - traced through 1 parent
Patrilineal - traced through father (44% of world’s societies), residence post-marriage is patri-local
Matrilineal - traced through mother (15% of world’s societies), residence post-marriage is matri-local

Question 4

Sharing (kinship)

Answer 4

Blood relations
Link between parents (primary) marriage (secondary)
Wari - group in Brazil

Question 5

Wari (sharing kinship)

Answer 5

view descent bilaterally, must marry out of village but within tribe
Their concept/notion of blood includes breast milk, semen, vaginal secretions, and sweat
Transferred via mouth/nose, sexual intercourse, or skin

Question 6

Sex

Answer 6

biological way of determining male or female

Question 7

Gender

Answer 7

Social construct to identify male, female, etc.

Question 8

Autonomous Personhood

Answer 8

person(s) on their own

Question 9

Collective Personhood

Answer 9

entities with legal personhood, shared substances (wari society)

Question 10

Lineage

Answer 10

Your past ancestors/your descendants

Question 11

Clan

Answer 11

group of close-knit and interrelated families

Question 12

Life Stages

Answer 12

Childhood, Puberty, Adolescence, Adulthood

Question 13

Childhood

Answer 13

Period of time from new-born - Puberty

Question 14

Puberty

Answer 14

Universal element of human life cycle, sexual maturation in men and women

Question 15

Adolesence

Answer 15

NOT biological, culturally defined period of maturation which ends upon reaching adulthood (this varies depending on the culture)

Question 16

Rites of Passage

Answer 16

Domestication of sexuality, redefinition of social status

Question 17

Arnold Von Gennep

Answer 17

Discerned that rights of passage across the world break into 3 parts, Separation, Status transformation, reincorporation

Question 18

Separation (Rites of Passage)

Answer 18

removal from familiar context (1st year @ college)

Question 19

Status Transformation (Rites of Passage)

Answer 19

High school student –> College student

Question 20

Reincorporation (Rites of Passage)

Answer 20

life in & after college

Question 21

Black Water Fever

Answer 21

Rite of passage in Mali,
biological change via water, not biological via puberty
parasite in water enters via ankle and travel to male urinary tract, turning urine red-ish color
believed to be equivelant of 1st menstruation for girls

Question 22

Circumcision (Black Water Fever)

Answer 22

Incision (small slice)
circumcision (penis torn away)
Skin tearing (penal shaft skin ripped off)
Some incision (cutting from urethra to scrotum)

Question 23

Dejrma People (Africa)

Answer 23

Women’s right of passage
fattening houses represent wealth
Buruao Body painting
Inspection of candidates to determine readiness for right of passage

Question 24

Etic

Answer 24

from external perspective

Question 25

Emic

Answer 25

from internal perspective

Question 26

Marriage

Answer 26

culturally sanctioned union of 2 or more people that establishes certain rights & obligations between people, their children, and their in-laws. The obligations are, but not limited to, sex, labor, property, child rearing, exchange, and staus

Question 27

Endogamy

Answer 27

marrying within local community, clan, or tribe

Question 28

Exogamy

Answer 28

marrying outside of local community, clan, or tribe

Question 29

Incest Taboo

Answer 29

created to limit physical & mental disorders in offspring

Question 30

Sororate

Answer 30

Marriage type where husband engages in sexual activities with sister(s) of wife, usually after wife's death or if wife is infertile

Question 31

Levirate

Answer 31

Marriage type where a man may be obligated to marry his brother's widow

Question 32

Monogamy

Answer 32

being married to one person

Question 33

Polygamy

Answer 33

having more than 1 wife or husband at the same time

Question 34

Polyandry

Answer 34

1 woman has more than 1 husband

Question 35

Polygyny

Answer 35

1 man has more than 1 wife

Question 36

Obstetric Fistula

Answer 36

compression of soft tissues between baby's head & woman's pelvis, causes cut off of blood flow to bladder or rectum, results in tissue dying, leaving a hole, or fistula

Question 37

Maternal Mortality Rates

Answer 37

have been on the rise in the US since late 1980s Pregnancy is riskier because first-time mothers are older and have chronic health problems like high blood pressure, obesity, and/or diabetes.

Question 38

Mole People

Answer 38

80% men/women in tunnels, | various forms of social structure

Question 39

Homelessness (Mole People)

Answer 39

characterized by absence of affiliative bonds to people, Mole People go against this idea, by living together in complex communities and functioning as a group and as individuals