Exam 2 Flashcards
Substance on which an enzyme binds
substrate
biological molecule that accelerates or catalyzes a chemical reaction
enzyme
what factors affect enzymes
temperature, pH, concentration of enzyme
what breaks down carbohydrates
amylase
what tests for starch
lugol’s test
what tests for simple sugar
benedict’s test
what breaks down proteins into pepsin
protease
what is the breakdown of large fat droplets into small fat droplets
emulsification
what catalyzes the breakdown of fats
lipase
what is breaking large chunks of food into smaller particles, occurs in mouth and stomach
physical/mechanical digestion
uses enzymes to breakdown large molecules into small molecules occurs in stomach, mouth, and small intestine
chemical digestion
uses Helper T cells, targets infected cells and cancerous cells
cell-mediated immunity
uses B cells, targets intracellular pathogens
Humoral immunity
Very specific, has memory, not limited to infection site, can ben cell mediated or humoral
adaptive immunity
substance that provokes an immune response
antigen
blood protein produced in response to a specific antigen
antibody
ingests antigens and presents them to Helper T cells, Helper T cells activate B cells to produce antibodies
B Lymphocytes
cell that ingests pathogen, breaks it down, and presents the broken fragments on its surface (macrophage, dendritic cells, and B Lymphocytes)
antigen presenting cell
effector cells and memory cells require an APC – Helper T, Cytotoxic, Regulatory, and Memory
T Cells
Lungs are covered by a serous membrane called ___ that folds back to line the pleural cavity
visceral pleura
what tissue is the trachea
pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
what tissue are the lungs
simple squamous epithelium
what do goblet cells produce
mucus
space between visceral and parietal pleura is filled with…
serous pleural vluid
function of chief cells
secrete enzymes that help digests fats and proteins
function of parietal cells
secrete HCl
what tissue is small intestine
simple columnar epithelium
digestive organs and abdominal cavity covered with serous membrane called
peritoneum
___ covers the organs and the ___ lines the cavity walls
visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum
tidal volume
amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
expiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal TV
inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air forcefully inhaled
vital capacity
max air expired after max inspiratory effort
reserve volum
amount of air remaining in the lungs after forceful expiration
inspiratory capacity
max amount of air that can be inspired after a normal TV expiration
total lung capacity
max amount of air contained in lungs after max inspiratory effort
