Exam 2 Flashcards
A permanent and deep thermocline can be found
In the tropics
PH
0-7 acidic
8-14 basic
Oxygen enters seawater
As a byproduct of photosynthesis and diffusion from surface
Residence time is
The average time an element spends in the ocean
Which resivor has most water stored on planet?
Ocean
Global change in greenhouse gasses is making ocean fresher @ higher latitudes
True
Red light is able to penetrate ocean deepest?
False
Frozen water is more dense than liquid water
False
A zone in which oceans salinity changes rapidly with increasing depth is called
Halocline
The wavelength of light that penetrates deepest into ocean are…
Green and blue
What statement is tru regarding sound in the ocean?
Sound is scattered as it bounces off suspended particles in ocean
The density of seawater increases when
Salinity increases
As carbon dioxide enters ocean it
Forms carbonic acid
The two most abundant elements dissolved in seawater are
Sodium and chloride
If you sailed from Europe to America you would sail with the..
Trade winds
Oxygen is the primary component of air
False
It’s nitrogen
One of the driving forces of atmosphere circulation is
Convection
How many cells in each hemisphere
3
When viewed from above tropical cyclones rotate ______ in the S hemisphere
Clockwise
The power of tropical cyclones comes from
The condensation of warm moist air
Weather is defined as…
Short term localized characteristics of the atmosphere
The boundary between two air masses is called a
Front
During an El Niño event
A strong equatorial counter current develops in the pacific
The coriolis effect causes objects moving in the northern hemi to veer off course
Clockwise to the right
Calm equatorial areas of low pressure are referred to as…
Doldrums
Seasons are caused by
Earths orbital tilt relative to the plane of its orbit around the sun
Warm air ______
Cold air _______
Expands/rises
Contracts/sinks
The most abundant gaseous components of earths atmosphere are:
Nitrogen/oxygen
Hadley atmospheric cells are found mid latitudes
False
The vast majority of the ocean water lies below the pycnocline
True
Rough waves are best described as
A single massive wave that develops in open ocean
Waves tend to be parallel to the shore when they break due to the process of
Refraction
Ultimate height of wind wave depends on
Fetch
Length of time wind blows
Velocity of wind
Distance measured trough to trough of a wave is called
Wavelength
Largest western boundary current is
Gulf Stream
The North Atlantic gyre is composed of the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic current. The canavary current and the N equatorial current?
True
Main focus driving thermohaline circulation is
Density
Is ekman spiral influenced by coriolis
Yes
A system of four currents completing a flow circuit around the periphery of an ocean basin is called
A gyre
Most damage caused by hurricane Katian was due to
The storm surge arriving at high altitude
Which phenomena caused the least structural damage and loss of life during passage of tropical cyclones
Low atmospheric pressure
The inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ)
Moves further away from the equator during the northern summer than the southern one, due to the North heavy arrangement of continents
What statement is true about pycnocline?
The pycnocline is the zone that isolated surface water from the denser layer below
Which of the following statements about the hydrological cycle is correct ?
The hydrological cycle is powered by solar radiation
Long term average of weather in an area is called
Climate
The canary current is an example of
Shallow, cold water current
A _______ is gravity wave formed by the transfer of wind energy over water
Wind wave
The uninterrupted distance over which the wind blows without change in the direction is the
Fetch
When a tsunami reaches shore
The wave height is increased by entry into shallow water
In open sea, tsunami
Are long period waves, often 5-20 mins
Constructive interference in waves can cause
An occasional wave greater than any noted before or after its occurrence
The concentration of dissolved inorganic solids in water is called
Salinity
The ratio of dissolved seawater is
Constant proportionally
Cold water can hold more gas than warm water
True
Water can dissolve more substances than any other natural solvent
True
Coriolis effect
Objects tend to move to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern
Cohesion
Water molecules stick to each other (surface tension)
Adhesion
Water molecules stick to other substances
Water molecule is what kind of bond
Covalent
What type of molecule is water
Polar molecule
What is the heat capacity of pure water
1.00
Water has a high heat capacity ?
True
The temperature of water does not change easily
Thermal inertia
Tendency of a substance to resist change in temp with the gain or loss of heat energy
Heat capacity
Measure of heat required To raise temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree C
Pycnocline
The zone which density increases rapidly with depth. T falls and S rises
Thermocline
Zone where T decreased rapidly with depth. Cold water is more dense than warm water
Halocline
Zone where S increases rapidly with depth (saline water is denser than fresher water)
Photic zone
The thin film of lighted water at the top of the world ocean. The photic zone rarely extends deeper than 200 m
Aphotic zone
The dark ocean below the depth to which light can penetrate
Refraction
Bending of waves
Sound travel much further than light thru the ocean
True
Most abundant ions produced by salinity
Sodium and Chloride
A solution that is basic is called
An alkaline solution
What is a base
A substance that combines with a hydrogen ion in solution
What is an acid
A substance that releases a hydrogen ion in solution
Coriolis effect
Clockwise in northern hemi
Counterclockwise in southern hemi
Upwelling
The upward motion of water. This motion brings cold, nutrient-rich water towards the surface
Downwelling
Downward motion of water. It supplies the deeper ocean with nutrients and dissolved gases.
Thermohaline circulation
The movement of water due to different densities
Antarctic bottom water
Moves north
North Atlantic deep water
Travels south? Not really sure but I thought she said it moves south
