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Oceanography > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A permanent and deep thermocline can be found

A

In the tropics

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2
Q

PH

A

0-7 acidic

8-14 basic

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3
Q

Oxygen enters seawater

A

As a byproduct of photosynthesis and diffusion from surface

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4
Q

Residence time is

A

The average time an element spends in the ocean

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5
Q

Which resivor has most water stored on planet?

A

Ocean

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6
Q

Global change in greenhouse gasses is making ocean fresher @ higher latitudes

A

True

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7
Q

Red light is able to penetrate ocean deepest?

A

False

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8
Q

Frozen water is more dense than liquid water

A

False

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9
Q

A zone in which oceans salinity changes rapidly with increasing depth is called

A

Halocline

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10
Q

The wavelength of light that penetrates deepest into ocean are…

A

Green and blue

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11
Q

What statement is tru regarding sound in the ocean?

A

Sound is scattered as it bounces off suspended particles in ocean

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12
Q

The density of seawater increases when

A

Salinity increases

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13
Q

As carbon dioxide enters ocean it

A

Forms carbonic acid

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14
Q

The two most abundant elements dissolved in seawater are

A

Sodium and chloride

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15
Q

If you sailed from Europe to America you would sail with the..

A

Trade winds

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16
Q

Oxygen is the primary component of air

A

False

It’s nitrogen

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17
Q

One of the driving forces of atmosphere circulation is

A

Convection

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18
Q

How many cells in each hemisphere

A

3

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19
Q

When viewed from above tropical cyclones rotate ______ in the S hemisphere

A

Clockwise

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20
Q

The power of tropical cyclones comes from

A

The condensation of warm moist air

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21
Q

Weather is defined as…

A

Short term localized characteristics of the atmosphere

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22
Q

The boundary between two air masses is called a

A

Front

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23
Q

During an El Niño event

A

A strong equatorial counter current develops in the pacific

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24
Q

The coriolis effect causes objects moving in the northern hemi to veer off course

A

Clockwise to the right

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25
Q

Calm equatorial areas of low pressure are referred to as…

A

Doldrums

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26
Q

Seasons are caused by

A

Earths orbital tilt relative to the plane of its orbit around the sun

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27
Q

Warm air ______

Cold air _______

A

Expands/rises

Contracts/sinks

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28
Q

The most abundant gaseous components of earths atmosphere are:

A

Nitrogen/oxygen

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29
Q

Hadley atmospheric cells are found mid latitudes

A

False

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30
Q

The vast majority of the ocean water lies below the pycnocline

A

True

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31
Q

Rough waves are best described as

A

A single massive wave that develops in open ocean

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32
Q

Waves tend to be parallel to the shore when they break due to the process of

A

Refraction

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33
Q

Ultimate height of wind wave depends on

A

Fetch

Length of time wind blows

Velocity of wind

34
Q

Distance measured trough to trough of a wave is called

A

Wavelength

35
Q

Largest western boundary current is

A

Gulf Stream

36
Q

The North Atlantic gyre is composed of the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic current. The canavary current and the N equatorial current?

A

True

37
Q

Main focus driving thermohaline circulation is

A

Density

38
Q

Is ekman spiral influenced by coriolis

A

Yes

39
Q

A system of four currents completing a flow circuit around the periphery of an ocean basin is called

A

A gyre

40
Q

Most damage caused by hurricane Katian was due to

A

The storm surge arriving at high altitude

41
Q

Which phenomena caused the least structural damage and loss of life during passage of tropical cyclones

A

Low atmospheric pressure

42
Q

The inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ)

A

Moves further away from the equator during the northern summer than the southern one, due to the North heavy arrangement of continents

43
Q

What statement is true about pycnocline?

A

The pycnocline is the zone that isolated surface water from the denser layer below

44
Q

Which of the following statements about the hydrological cycle is correct ?

A

The hydrological cycle is powered by solar radiation

45
Q

Long term average of weather in an area is called

A

Climate

46
Q

The canary current is an example of

A

Shallow, cold water current

47
Q

A _______ is gravity wave formed by the transfer of wind energy over water

A

Wind wave

48
Q

The uninterrupted distance over which the wind blows without change in the direction is the

A

Fetch

49
Q

When a tsunami reaches shore

A

The wave height is increased by entry into shallow water

50
Q

In open sea, tsunami

A

Are long period waves, often 5-20 mins

51
Q

Constructive interference in waves can cause

A

An occasional wave greater than any noted before or after its occurrence

52
Q

The concentration of dissolved inorganic solids in water is called

A

Salinity

53
Q

The ratio of dissolved seawater is

A

Constant proportionally

54
Q

Cold water can hold more gas than warm water

A

True

55
Q

Water can dissolve more substances than any other natural solvent

A

True

56
Q

Coriolis effect

A

Objects tend to move to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern

57
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecules stick to each other (surface tension)

58
Q

Adhesion

A

Water molecules stick to other substances

59
Q

Water molecule is what kind of bond

A

Covalent

60
Q

What type of molecule is water

A

Polar molecule

61
Q

What is the heat capacity of pure water

A

1.00

62
Q

Water has a high heat capacity ?

A

True

The temperature of water does not change easily

63
Q

Thermal inertia

A

Tendency of a substance to resist change in temp with the gain or loss of heat energy

64
Q

Heat capacity

A

Measure of heat required To raise temp of 1 gram of substance by 1 degree C

65
Q

Pycnocline

A

The zone which density increases rapidly with depth. T falls and S rises

66
Q

Thermocline

A

Zone where T decreased rapidly with depth. Cold water is more dense than warm water

67
Q

Halocline

A

Zone where S increases rapidly with depth (saline water is denser than fresher water)

68
Q

Photic zone

A

The thin film of lighted water at the top of the world ocean. The photic zone rarely extends deeper than 200 m

69
Q

Aphotic zone

A

The dark ocean below the depth to which light can penetrate

70
Q

Refraction

A

Bending of waves

71
Q

Sound travel much further than light thru the ocean

A

True

72
Q

Most abundant ions produced by salinity

A

Sodium and Chloride

73
Q

A solution that is basic is called

A

An alkaline solution

74
Q

What is a base

A

A substance that combines with a hydrogen ion in solution

75
Q

What is an acid

A

A substance that releases a hydrogen ion in solution

76
Q

Coriolis effect

A

Clockwise in northern hemi

Counterclockwise in southern hemi

77
Q

Upwelling

A

The upward motion of water. This motion brings cold, nutrient-rich water towards the surface

78
Q

Downwelling

A

Downward motion of water. It supplies the deeper ocean with nutrients and dissolved gases.

79
Q

Thermohaline circulation

A

The movement of water due to different densities

80
Q

Antarctic bottom water

A

Moves north

81
Q

North Atlantic deep water

A

Travels south? Not really sure but I thought she said it moves south

Oceanography (1 decks)

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