exam 2

Question 1

Flashbulb Memory

Answer 1

memory of emotionally significant events

Question 2

Generalization

Answer 2

a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases

Question 3

Chunking

Answer 3

making more efficient use of short-term memory by grouping information

Question 4

Classical conditioning

Answer 4

refers to learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a bell).

Question 5

Retrieval

Answer 5

t behaviors
Retrieval - Serial position effect- tendency to remember things at beginning and end of things. primacy effect - tendency to remember things at beginning. recency effect - tendency to remember things at the end. von restore effect - both beginning and end
recall- memory task to retrieve previously learned information (essay)
recognition- just stating its true (multiple choice)

Question 6

Gestalt

Answer 6

understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in an apparently chaotic world.

Question 7

Operant conditioning

Answer 7

PR. NR, PP, NP

Question 8

Phantom limb pain

Answer 8

is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached

Question 9

Priming

Answer 9

. It refers to activating particular representations or associations in memory just before carrying out an action or task. For example, a person who sees the word “yellow” will be slightly faster to recognize the word “banana.”

Question 10

Conditioned responses

Answer 10

an automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.

Question 11

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 11

the conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response

Question 12

Conditioning

Answer 12

have a significant influence on or determine (the manner or outcome of something)

Question 13

explicit memory

Answer 13

specific facts or events (declariative memory) can be consciously retrieved

Question 14

Law of effect

Answer 14

is a psychological principle advanced by Edward Thorndike in 1905 on the matter of behavioral conditioning (not yet formulated as such) which states that “responses that produce a satisfying effect in a particular situation become more likely to occur again in that situation, and responses that

Question 15

Implicit memory

Answer 15

not actively thinking of it, such as starting a car (automatic associations)

Question 16

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 16

refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise.

Question 17

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 17

refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards.

Question 18

Long term memory

Answer 18

informative knowledge can be stored for long periods of time and infinite amounts of knowledge

Question 19

encoding

Answer 19

Encoding is the crucial first step to creating a new memory. It allows the perceived item of interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within the brain,

Question 20

Misinformation effect

Answer 20

happens when a person’s recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information. .

Question 21

negative punishment

Answer 21

take away the car for a week, grounding

Question 22

negative reinforcement

Answer 22

don’t have to eat vegetables if they do their homework

Question 23

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 23

which initially produces no specific response other than focusing attention. In classical conditioning, when used together with an unconditioned stimulus, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus.

Question 24

Observational learning

Answer 24

is learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others.

Question 25

Perception

Answer 25

the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses

Question 26

Perceptual set

Answer 26

is a tendency to perceive or notice some aspects of the available sensory data and ignore others.

Question 27

Weber’s law

Answer 27

the perception of change in a given stimulus.

Question 28

Mnemonics

Answer 28

Music Mnemonics
Model Mnemonics
Note Organization Mnemonics