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Developmental Psych > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Blastocyst

A
  • zygote gets split into two cells that continue to divide into 60 to 80 cells within 4 days of conception
  • inner layer of blastocyst becomes embryo and outer layer becomes protective tissue
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2
Q

implantation

A
  • 7-10 days after conception
  • blastocyst taps mothers blood supply through uterine wall
  • sperm lasts 3-5 days/eggs last 24 hours
  • can still get pregnant 3-5 days before menstrual cycle
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3
Q

proportion of zygotes that successfully implant

A

25%

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4
Q

Organogensis

A

process by which every major organ takes shape in at least a primitive (early) form

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5
Q

neural tube, heart, and sexual differentiation

A

3rd week: neural tube develops
4th week: heart beat develops
7th-8th: can tell sexual differentiation

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6
Q

age of viability

A

24 weeks because they have developed their lungs and their survival is dependent on their lungs and breathing

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7
Q

teratogens

A
  • any disease, drug, or other environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus
  • effects of any teratogenic agent is worse during critical periods of system growth
  • not all fetuses are affected equally
  • higher expire, higher harm to fetus
  • effects depend on quality of postnatal environment
  • examples, smoking narcotics, alcohol
  • stds (syphillis, hiv)
  • environmental factors ( radiation, lead, pcbs(
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8
Q

effects of prenatal stress and anxiety

A

stress: preterm labor and delivery, low birth weight.. low birth rate could result in learning difficulties later on
anxiety: labor and delivery compromised, low apgar scores

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9
Q

safest ages for childbearing and why

A

16-35 because they are in better physical health

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10
Q

APGAR scores

A
  • crude and quick method of gauging health of neonate (at birth & 5 minutes after)
  • measurement of heart rate, respiration, color, muscle tone and reflexes
  • each of five factors rated from 0-2, for a possible of 10 points
  • scores of 7 & higher - healthy infant
  • scores of 4 & below- at risk.. NICU
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11
Q

Stages and purpose of childbirth

A

-purpose of labor is to dilate and efface the cervis (dilates goes from o to 10 cm)
stage 1: average is 8-14 hours for first kid, 3-8 for second
-contractions, and ends when cervix is fully dialated
stage 2: delivery of baby, pushing
Stage 3: delivery o placenta
- dilation is the opening of the cervix, effacement is thinning of cervix

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12
Q

rooting reflex

A

this disappears over time, as you stroke their cheek they turn to that side.. orients baby to the breast or bottle

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13
Q

sleep in infancy

A
  • moves in and out of 6 states
  • regular sleep (8-9 hours)
  • irregular sleep (REM)(8-9 hours)
  • drowsiness (5-3 hrs)
  • alert inactivity (1-3 hrs)
  • crying (1-3 hrs)
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14
Q

crying and parental response

A

0-6 months they’re crying because they need something, can’t spoil an infant

  • crying because they’re hungry, in pain, chills, loud noises
  • moms who responded quickly to their cries cam etc cry very little
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15
Q

sensation

A

sensation: detection of stimuli
- hearing and vision: they prefer female voices and can discriminate colors by 2-3 months
- taste and smell: prefer sweet, recognize smell o from by 1-2 weeks
- they touch to promote growth and they can feel pain

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16
Q

perception

A

categorize and give meaning to sensory input

17
Q

methods of studying infant perception and sensation

A

The preference method: present 2 stimuli at the same time, see which on eat infant looks/turns to/chooses
The habituation method: present the infant with a stimuli and present it over and over agin until they don’t react then introduce new stimuli to see if they can tell a difference
Evoked potential: habituation but tracking the brain waves ( one stimuli vs. the other)
High amplitude sucking: get base line of sucking and introduce stimuli to see if their rate of sucking changes

18
Q

infant vision

A
  • early pattern perception: not face that infant likes more 0-2 months, babies like what they can see well.. need colors that contrast
  • Later pattern perception (2-12 months), more complex patterns, contrasts, contour
19
Q

depth perception

A
  • visual cliff by 6 1/2 moths, won’t cross deep side

- visual ability and experience of crawling contribute

20
Q

order/principle of motor development

A

-lifitng head up (1 month)
- rolling over ( 2- 4 months)
- sitting up unassisted (5-7 months)
-crawling (7-10 moths) increased environmental competence, loss of interest in people, objects are more interesting
walking (12-16months) standing with support (cruising/walking with support), standing w/o support (walking)

21
Q

3 principles of development

A
  • cephalocaudal principle: humans development is a head to tail direction
    -proximodistal principle: humans develop from center outward to extremities
    orthodontic principle: humans develop from global to the differentiated: simple to specific
22
Q

prenatal development

A

Stage 1: period of the zygote: from conception to implantation & the zygote becomes attached to the wall of the uterus.. lasts about 10 to 14 days
Stage 2: period of the embryo: beginning of the 3rd week through the end of the 8th. All major organs are formed and heart begins to beat
Stage 3: period of the fetus: 9th week until baby is born. All major organ systems begin to function

23
Q

Timing of fetal movement

A

second trimester, 13-24 weeks

-if its first child, may take longer

24
Q

teratogens: thalidomide

A
  • aliveates nausea and vomiting

- ended up giving birth to babies with birth defects

25
Q

Synapses: how drugs and behavior are connected

A
  • drugs can increase and decrease the effects of a neurotransmitter
  • antagonist: blocked the effects
  • agonist: increases affects
26
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

formation of synaptic connections among neurons

27
Q

neural migration and differentiation

A

Migration: neurons locate themselves within a particular region of the brain where they are to become functional Differentiation: neurons adopt specific functions based on their location

28
Q

plasticity principal

A

changes in neural connections based on positive (learning) or negative (deprived) experiences

29
Q

synaptic pruning

A

neurons that and synaptic connection are eliminated in order to increase the efficiency of neuronal transmissions

30
Q

cerebral lateralization

A

brain organizes language circuitry on one side of the cortex while motor and visual processing goes to the other

31
Q

age for handedness

A

3-5

32
Q

corpus collosum

A

bundle of euro fibers that connect the two halves of the brain, allows for communication between both sides

33
Q

lobes of cerebral cortex and functions

A

Occipital: vision
Parietal: body sensation
Temporal: auditory
Frontal: planning and personality

Developmental Psych (4 decks)

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