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ANSI > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Length of Biological Cycle

Cattle

A

24-26 Months

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2
Q

Length of Biological Production Cycle

Swine

A

Approx. 10 months

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3
Q

Length of Biological Production Cycle

Sheep

A

Approx. 12 months

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4
Q

Length of Biological Production Cycle

Poultry

A

3 1/2 months

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5
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Cattle

A

1000-1250 lbs

12-15 months

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6
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Swine

A

230-290 lbs

less than 180 days

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7
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Lamb

A

90-130 lbs

Approx 8 months

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8
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Poultry

A

5 lbs - 45 days

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9
Q

Age and Weight at Harvest

Turkey

A

32 lbs

18 weeks

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10
Q

Vertical Coordination

A

Organizing, synchronizing, and orchestrating of products

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11
Q

Vertical Integration

A

Control of 2 adjacent stages in the vertical marketing channel

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12
Q

Contract Integration

A

One firm contracts another

Most common

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13
Q

Ownership Integration

A

One firm owns most resources in both adjacent stages

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14
Q

Strategic Alliance

A

partnerships between various independent segments of an industry to maximize return on an investment

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15
Q

Frame Size

A

the weight at which, under normal feeding and management practices, an animal will produce a carcass that will grade Choice

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16
Q

Thickness

A

muscle to bone ratio and at a given degree of fatness to carcass yield grade

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17
Q

Primal Cut

A

Large section of a carcass from which retail cuts are made

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18
Q

Wast Fat vs. Taste Fat

A

External Fat and KPH vs. Marbling

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19
Q

Lamb vs. Mutton

A

Maturity

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20
Q

Lamb Quality Grades

A 
Prime
Choice
Good
Utility
Cull
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21
Q

Swine Grades

A

Includes both Yield and Fat Thickness
U.S. no 1-4
Utility

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22
Q

Poultry Grades

A

A B C
applies to
Chicken, turkey, duck, goose, guinea, and pigeon

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23
Q

Egg Grades

A

AA, A, B

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24
Q

Weight Classes of Eggs

A 
Jumbo
Extra Large
Large
Medium
Small
Peewee
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25
Q

Standard shrink in cattle

A

4% in older animal directly from feedlot
3% growing animal
2% weaning animal

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26
Q

6 Classes of Nutrients

A 
Water
Protein
Minerals
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Vitamins
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27
Q

Water

A

Nutrient needed in the largest amount

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28
Q

Protein

A

Amino Acids
PVT
MAT
HLL

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29
Q

Nonessential amino acid

A

An amino acid the body can create itself

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30
Q

Essential amino acid

A

An amino acid that must be supplemented

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31
Q

Amino Acids in Ruminants

A

No amino acid requirement

Vitamin B and K supplied in the rumen

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32
Q

Minerals

A

Macro measured in %

Micro measured in ppm

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33
Q

Carbohydrates

A

starch and cellulose

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34
Q

Starch

A

easily digestable

35
Q

Cellulose

A

digestible by ruminants

need bacteria to breakdown cellulose

36
Q

Lipids

A

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

37
Q

Vitamins

A

Fat soluble: A D E K

Water soluble: B and C

38
Q

Nutrition

A

the study of how the body uses the nutrients in a diet or ration to sustain life of a specified function

39
Q

Nutrient

A

any chemical element obtained from the diet used in the body to support normal life processes

40
Q

Diet

A

A balanced mixture of feedstuffs which will nourish the animal for more than 24 hrs

41
Q

Ration

A

amount of feed consumed by an animal in 24 hrs

42
Q

Balance Ration

A

one which provides an animal with proper amounts and proportions of all required nutrients for 24 hrs

43
Q

Digestion

A

the breakdown of food by the digestive system in preparation for absorption

44
Q

Prehension

A

means an animal uses to bring food into its mouth

45
Q

Mastication/Chewing

A

involves the vertical and lateral action of the jaw and teeth to crush food

46
Q

Salivation

A

includes secretion and mixing of saliva with food

47
Q

Deglutition/Swallowing

A

passing of food and water from the mouth to the first stomach compartment

48
Q

Micturition

A

Urination

49
Q

Defecation

A

the discharge of excrement from the body

50
Q

Ruminant

A

cud-chewing, even toed, hooved animal
4 compartment stomachs
regurgitate ingested material from the reticulum and re-masticate their food

51
Q

Ruminore

A

Chew again

52
Q

Pseudoruminants

A

cud chewing animals with feet that resemble pads more than hooves
3 compartment stomachs

53
Q

Rumination

A

process of bringing food materials back up from the ruminant stomach

54
Q

Eructation

A

Belching

55
Q

Bloat

A

Occurrence where the eructation mechanism is impaired or inhibited and the rate of gas production exceeds the animal’s ability to expel the gas

56
Q

Colic

A

Upset Stomach

57
Q

Chyme

A

semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum

58
Q

Coprophagy

A

consumption of feces

59
Q

Pica

A

eating of non foods such as dirt, sand, twigs, etc

60
Q

Reticular or Esophageal Groove

A

muscular structure at the lower end of the esophagus that, when closed, forms a tube allowing milk to go directly into the abomasum

61
Q

Animal Unit

A

a unit expressing the feed requirements of different kinds of domestic animal on a common scale

62
Q

Dry Matter

A

feed excluding its water content

63
Q

Calorie

A

energy needed to increase the temp of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius

64
Q

Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA)

A

Acetic
Propionic
Butyric

65
Q

Energy use in the body

A 
Maintenance
Growth
Lactation
Fetal Growth
Breeding
Body Reserve
66
Q

Process of rumination

A

Regurgitation
Remastication
Reinsalvation
Redegutition

67
Q

Reticulum

A

Honey comb

Fermentation vat

68
Q

Rumen

A

Shag Carpet

Fermentation Vat

69
Q

Omasum

A

Folds

Water absorption

70
Q

Abomasum

A

true stomach

71
Q

Segments of Small Intestine

A

Duodenum
Ieiunum
Ileum

72
Q

Duodernum

A

connects to the stomach

73
Q

Ieiunum

A

middle section of the Small Intestine

74
Q

Ileum

A

Connects to the cecum

75
Q

Segments of the Large Intestine

A

Cecum (hind gut fermentation)
Colon
Rectum

76
Q

Small intestine is the primary site for the DIGESTION of:

A

Proteins
Non-fiberous CHO’s
Lipids

77
Q

Small intestine is the primary site for ABSORPTION of :

A

Amino Acids
Monosaccharides
Long Chain Fatty Acids
VFA’s

78
Q

Gross Energy

A

Available energy which is dependent on the chemical compostition of the feedstuff

79
Q

Digestible Energy

A

Gross energy of feed minus the energy in feces

80
Q

Metabolizable Energy

A

Digestible energy minus energy excreted in urine and gases

81
Q

Net Energy

A

Metabolizable energy minus the heat produced during digestion of feed used for maintenance and production

82
Q

Microbial Fermentation

A

Synthesizes:
all amino acids
all B and K vitamins
Saturates all fatty acids

83
Q

Feed Tag Guaranteed Analysis

A

Crude Protein
Crude Fat
Crude Fiber

ANSI (2 decks)

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