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MicroAnatomy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

order of epidermis layers

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (in thick skin), stratum corneum

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2
Q

order of dermis layers

A

papillary layer, reticular layer

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3
Q

keratinocyte

A

major cell type of the epidermis

located in stratum basal and lower part of stratum spinous

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4
Q

keratinization

A

formation of tonofibrils, formation of keratohyalin granules, association of keratohyalin granule proteins with tonofibrils (stratum lucidum)

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5
Q

tonofilament

A

intermediate filament composed of keratin formed in the stratum basale

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6
Q

keratohyalin granules

A

basophilic aggregations of free polysomes that produce histidine-rich and cysteine-rich proteins, produced in the upper stratum spinous and stratum granulosum

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7
Q

soft keratin

A

combination of tonofibrils and the proteins of the keratohyalin granules

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8
Q

hard keratin

A

trichohyalin granules produced and monofilaments become more extensively cross-linked to amorphous keratin via disulfide bonds

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9
Q

membrane-coating granules (MCGs) aka lamellar bodies

A

Contribute a lipid bilayer to the epidermal water barrier

membrane-bound organelles first produced in the stratum spinosum

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10
Q

melanocyte

A

between cells of the stratum basale, derived from the neural crest

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11
Q

tyrosinase

A

enzyme that converts tyrosine into dopa and then dopaquinone (precursors of melanin)

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12
Q

Langerhans cell

A

pale-staining cell with elongated cell process of bone marrow origin function as antigen-presenting cell, can act as a viral reservoir that harbors AIDS, contain the Birbeck granule

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13
Q

Merkel cell

A

found on basement membrane, function as touch receptors in thick skin (finger tips, lips), slow to adapt

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14
Q

thick skin

A

has all five layers of the epidermis
found only on the palms of hands and the soles of the feet
is glabrous (hairless)

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15
Q

thin skin

A

has no stratum lucidum
is located on most parts of the body
is vellus (hairy)

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16
Q

papillary layer

A

superficial layer of the dermis, loose connective tissue, upper surface has dermal papillae, more connective tissue cells than reticular layer

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17
Q

reticular layer

A

deeper layer of the dermis, dense irregular connective tissue

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18
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

encapsulated receptors formed by modified Schwann cells giving a layered or zigzag appearance, detect light touch

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19
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

encapsulated receptors that respond to deep touch or vibration, located in the deep dermis or hypodermis

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20
Q

hypodermis

A

not actually a part of skin, consists of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue that binds skin to underlying organs

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21
Q

glassy membrane

A

thick basement membrane that surrounds the hair follicle

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22
Q

external root sheath

A

composed of epithelial cells and is continuous with the epidermis

23
Q

hair bulb

A

base of the follicle, matrix epithelial cells, also contains melanocytes

24
Q

internal root sheath

A

lies between external root sheath and hair shaft, composed of keratinized epithelial cells

25
Q

hair shaft

A

composed of hard keratin and three parts: medulla, cortex, and cuticle

26
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

bundle of smooth muscle attaches to skin and CT sheath outside the glassy membrane, contraction raises the hair shaft to a more vertical position and causes goose bumps

27
Q

vellus hair

A

thin, short, poorly pigmented hair

28
Q

terminal hair

A

thicker, longer and more heavily pigmented hair

29
Q

anagen

A

period of active growth (when matrix cells divide)

30
Q

catagen

A

period of involution when the lower part of the follicle below the arrestor pili muscle atrophies

31
Q

telogen

A

resting period between the end of follicular atrophy and the shedding of the hair

32
Q

sebaceous glands

A

acinar exocrine glands with a holocrine mode of secretion for sebum

33
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A

simple coiled tubular exocrine glands with ducts that open directly onto skin surface and distributed over entire body except for lips and parts of external genitalia

34
Q

secretory portion of eccrine sweat glands

A

psuedostratified cuboidal epithelia, lighter staining, located deep in the hypodermis, surrounded by myoepithelial cells

35
Q

duct portion of eccrine sweat glands

A

lined by stratified cuboidal epithelium (2 layers), reabsorbs NaCl from the secretion to prevent excessive salt loss, no myoepithelial cells

36
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A

coiled tubular exocrine glands found on axilla, areola, nipple, perianal region and external genitalia

37
Q

secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands

A

wide lumen lined by simple epithelium surrounded by myoepithelial cell

38
Q

duct portion of apocrine sweat glands

A

narrow duct lined by 2-3 layers of cuboidal cells

39
Q

nail plate

A

hard portion of the nail

40
Q

nail root

A

skin that covers proximal portion of the nail plate

41
Q

nail matrix

A

proximal end of nail root with stem cells that nail plate grows

42
Q

lunula

A

crescent-shape at the proximal end of the visible portion of the nail, partially keratinized cells

43
Q

nail bed

A

made up of stratum basale and stratum spinous which are continuous with those layers surrounding the skin

44
Q

eponychium

A

cuticle made of hard keratin

45
Q

hyponychium

A

thickened epithelial layer that secures the free end of the nail plate to the fingertip

46
Q

cyanosis

A

pale blue color of nail plate due to poor oxygenation in the circulating blood

47
Q

split nails

A

indicative of nutritional deficiencies

48
Q

clubbing

A

thickening of the nail base and wrapping of nail plate around the sides of the finger

49
Q

spoon-shaped (concave) nails

A

indicative of iron deficiency anemia

50
Q

psoriasis

A

increased rate of cellular proliferation resulting in accumulation of cells of the stratum corneum, producing pink-red areas with flakes or plaques

51
Q

warts

A

benign epidermal growths caused by papilloma viral infection of keratinocytes

52
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

least deadly form involving cells of stratum basale usually due to excessive UV radiation, malignant cells rarely spread beyond skin (dermis or epidermis)

53
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

can be deadly if spreads, involves cells of stratum spinosum, probably caused by radiation or chemical agents

54
Q

malignant melanoma

A

involves melanocytes, rapidly dividing cells, invasive

MicroAnatomy (1 decks)

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