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radiology exam 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Periapical Exam

A

to view entire tooth&surrounding bone,
can examine single tooth or use with other PA or BW for entire dentition&support structure
can be made w/ 3 periapical sizes #0, #1,#2

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2
Q

Min. of 14 PA’s can make up a FMX for most adults

A

1 film for mand&max incisors
1 film in each canine areas (2 max, 2 mand)
1 film each premolar area (2 max, 2 mand)
1 film each molar area (2 max, 2 mand)

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3
Q

Film holders that can be used with both PA’s & BW are?

A

Stabe & SUPA

these film holders can have long biteblocks

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4
Q

Following film sequence/positioning

A
  1. Max Anterior PA’s
  2. Mand Anterior PA’s
  3. Max Posterior PA’s
    4 Mand Posterior PA’s
    5 Anterior BW
  4. Posterior BW
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5
Q

IntraOral Procedures

A

Bitewing exam, Periapical Exam, Occlusal Exam

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6
Q

SHADOW CASTING

A

The radiographic source of light (x-rays) is the focal point in the x-ray tube.

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7
Q

Source

A

light is the focal point in the xray tube

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8
Q

Receptor

A

is film or ccd of a digital radiographic sensor

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9
Q

object

A

oral structures such as bone & teeth

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10
Q

Angulation

A

description of alignment of entire tooth, tooth roots, or anatomic crown of tooth to a vertical axis in both anteroposterior and lateral planes of jaws.

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11
Q

Principles of shadow casting, Principle 1

A

xray should be emitted from the smallest source of radiation as possible
(the smaller the focal point the sharper the image)

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12
Q

Principle 2

A

xray source-to-object distance should be as long as possible
(longer PID& target film distance results in less magnification)

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13
Q

Principle 3

A

the object-to-receptor distance should be as short as possible
(the closer the proximity of the tooth to film, lesser the image enlargement)

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14
Q

Principle 4

A

the receptor & long axis of the tooth should be parallel to each other
(if the film & tooth are not parallel, and angular relation is formed and distorted image results)

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15
Q

Principle 5

A

xray beam should be directed perpendicular to the receptor

to limit distortion the central ray of the xray beam must be perpendicular to the tooth & film

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16
Q

Principle 6

A

there should be no movement of the tube, film, or patient during exposure

17
Q

Anterior PA’s

A

will have the films positioned vertically

18
Q

Posterior PA’s

A

will have the films positioned horizontally

19
Q

Labial Method

A

all film should have the dot complex

20
Q

large radiolucent areas of the nasal fossa or the max sinus indicate?

A

the radiograph is of maxillary area

21
Q

the DH or DA may interpret radiographic errors such as?

A

.overlapped contacts, elongated areas/images and artifacts and normal radiographic anatomy

22
Q

radiographs lose value when?

A

6 months to a year bc oral conditions change constantly

23
Q

Manual Processing of dental xrays

A 
1 developing
2 rinsing
3 fixing
4 washing
5 drying
24
Q

Chemicals can be added in 3 forms which are?

A

powder, liquid concentrate, ready to use solutions

powder and liquid concentrate must be mixed with distilled water

25
Q

Developer

A

to convert exposed silver halide crystals into metalic silver grains

26
Q

4 chemicals in developer

A
  1. developing agents (reducing agents)
  2. preservative
  3. activator (alkalizer)
  4. restrainer
27
Q

developer contains 2 chemicals

A

hydroquinone and elone

both chemicals are affected by extreme temp

28
Q

what does fixer do

A

stops further film development and establishing image permanently on film by removing unexposed/underdeveloped SHC, hardens emulsion

29
Q

Preservative ( sodium sulfite)

A

protects the developing agents by slowing down rapid oxidation rate of developer

30
Q

Hardening agent

A

potassium aluminum, shrink and hardens the gelatin emultion

31
Q

activator (usually sodium carbonate)

A

provides necessary alkaline medium required by developing agents, softens and swells the gelatin allowing more exposed SHC to come into contact with developing agents

32
Q

restrainer (potassium bromide)

A

restrains developer agents from developing unexposed SHC and inhibits the tendency of the solution to chemically fog the film

33
Q

replenisher

A

added to developer or fixer in the processing tank to compensate for the loss of volume and strength for oxidation

34
Q

fixing agent (ammonium thiosulfate or sodium thiosulfate)

A

removes all unexposed and any remaining underdeveloped silver halide crystals from emulsion

35
Q

acidifier (acetic acid)

A

provides the acid medium to stop further development by neutralizing the alkali of the developer

36
Q

film handling

A

should be limited ti 2 1/2 min under safelight

37
Q

manual processing requires

A

processing tank, stirring paddles, thermometer, film hangers, drying racks, drip pans, timer

radiology exam 2 (1 decks)

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