exam 2 Flashcards
Edema disease is a characteristic of which of the following forms of porcine Escherichia coli?
A. ETEC
B. VTEC
C. EPEC
D. EHEC
B. VTEC
Which of the following is a strong antigen from porcine ETEC E. Coli, which can be used in vaccines?
A. LT
B. EAST1
C. Stb
D. F4
A. LT, heat labile toxin which is a strong antigen and used to generate immune response in vaccine
This adhesion factor, found in porcine ETEC E.Coli is used to breed receptor free pigs:
A. F5
B.F41
C.F4
D. STa
C. F4- found only in pigs
Adhesion factors found in pig neonatal ETEC E.Coli
-F5,F6, F41
Adhesion factors found in neonatal (up to 4 week) pig ETEC E.Coli
F4
Adhesion factors found in weaning age pig ETEC E.Coli
-F4, F18
Heat Labile Toxin- pig ETEC E.Coli
LT
affects neonatal and weaning age pigs
Heat stable toxins- pig ETEC E.Coli
STa, STb, EAST1
- STa and STb are found in neonatal ETEC and neonatal up to 4 week old pigs
- EAST1- found in neonatal (less than 4 weeks) and weaning diarrhea
What is the adhesion factor found in porcine VTEC E.Coli and what toxin is it associated with?
F18, VT2e
What intimin gene is found in porcine EPEC E.Coli?
eae
This virulence factor found in porcine EPEC E.Coli acts as a needle, and injects effector protein
T3SS
T/F- types of E.Coli can lead to UTI in pigs?
yes- cull because of fertility problems
A farmer calls you out to his farm and you discover a day old calf with watery diarrhea and pale mucosal membranes, you suspect E.Coli- which subspecies are you concerned about?
ETEC
What is the most common fimbriae in bovine ETEC E.Coli subspecies?
F5
This is the only zoonotic subspecies of bovine E.Coli that we were presented
EHEC
What are the extra-intestinal forms of E.Coli?
ExPEC/NTEC- CNS symptoms APEC- respiratory symptoms
MMA, UTI
What is considered to be (at least by Dr. Butaye) the most important bacterial disease in broilers and layers? What are the serotypes?
APEC E.Coli
-O1,O2,O78
-causes respiratory symptoms
What RPEC/EPEC serotype is found in suckling rabbits?
O1O9
What are the virulence factor(s) associated with RPEC/EPEC E.Coli in rabbits?
intimin eae
How many O antigens does E.Coli have?
26
How many K (capsular) virulence factors does E.Coli have?
60
How many fimbriae (F)does E.Coli have?
41
How many flagella antigens does E.Coli have?
11
What is the non-typhoid serotype of bovine and porcine Salmonella enterica?
S.typhimurium
remember that non-typhoid means non-host specific and therefore zoonotic
What are the main clinical signs of S. typhimurium in cattle?
diarrhea and abortion
What is the host adapted serotype of bovine S. enterica?
S. dublin
What causes typhoid in pigs?
S.Choleraesuis
This is the rare typhoid version of equine Salmonella
S. abortus equi
Which is the most frequent form of non-host specific horse Salmonella?
acute
What percent of dogs and cats are carriers of non-host specific Salmonella?
dogs: 0-36%
cats: 0-20%
The serotype of Salmonella that gives pigeons paratyphus?
S. Typhimurium var Copenhagen
In this form of paratyphus, the pigeon will be unable to fly
chronic paratyphus
This non-typhoid form of Salmonella will effect psittaciformes and passeriformes, it is mainly found in birdhouses
S. typhimurium
Which forms of salmonella in poultry are reportable?
S.pullorum, S.gallinarum
Pullorum disease
- caused by S. Pullorum
- high mortality, younger animals (less than three weeks), chicken, turkey, pheasant
Fowl Typhoid
- caused by S. gallinarum
- present in older animals
This form of Salmonella causes egg contamination and can be passed to humans through undercooked eggs!
S. enteriditis
You test a bird you suspect to have S. enteriditis and the tests come back positive with S. pollorum and gallinarum oh no! What do you think (as a well educated Dr. who obviously got an A on this Bac-T exam) suspect happened?
the bird was vaccinated against S. enteriditis! Sometimes there is a cross reaction between the vaccine and these other Salmonella species
What antibiotics are Klebsiella spp. susceptible to?
Amoxycillin and Clavamox must be together
What disease does Klebsiella cause in horses?
equine metritis
How is Yersinia pestis (Plague ahhh!!!!!) transmitted to humans?
fleas of wild rodents–>cats–>humans
In Passeriformes what organ does Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have affinity to?
liver–>causes fatty liver disease and rodentiosis
What is the serotype present in Y.enterocolitica and what is the relevance?
Serotype O9: cross reaction with Brucellosis
Which two bacteria we discussed act as secondary pathogens to cause otitis in dogs?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp.
This pathogen is known to cause cystitis, otitis, and corneal ulcers in cats and dogs- also is known for a bluish-greenish tint
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
This causes moist dermatitis in rabbits, even in the cleanest environments!
P. aeruginosa
What P. aeruginosa causes in bovine, sheep, and goats?
mastitis and fleece rot
What diagnostic test would you do to detect Glanders?
CFT!!
Glanders=Burkholderia Mallei
What is the treatment for Glanders?
culling- dead horsie
REPORTABLE
You are at a horse farm and you see pyogranulomatous nodules and ulcers as well as orchitis in a very expensive breeding stallion. The owner is concerned because he has heard that Glanders has been going around at neighboring farms. What do you tell him?
A. There’s nothing we can do for your horse, we should cull him before it spreads through his sperm to the mares he’s breeding
B. run a CFT test
C. Report to the authorities immediately, SOS this is fucking bad dude
B!
Despite this being the only option that makes sense, if the CFT test comes back that it is psuedoglanders caused by B.pseudomallei, it is treatable. C is also partially correct because it should be reported, but first run the test before you freak out.
True or false: all Brucella species that were discussed are zoonotic
False fam- B. ovis isn’t
Which of the following is false about B. abortus?
A. Smooth cell wall has higher virulence than rough cell wall
B. It manifests in joints and repro organs
C. Cows around wild ungulates such as deer are susceptible
D. The diagnostic test you would do is PCR
D. the diagnosis is a whole shitshow described on another card
What is the general pathogenesis of B. abortus?
per os/through wounds (contaminated meat)–> regional lymph nodes*–> spread to target organs
How to diagnose B. abortus?
1st: take blood sample and do SAW
2nd: do 2 ELISAs to confirm
3: Do interferon test, if positive then do the brucellosis skin test
Which biovars of Brucella suis are most pathogenic for pigs?
Biovar 1-3
Wild boars are known to transmit which bacteria?
Brucella suis
Which is the most zoonotic Brucella species?
B. melitensis- Malta fever in subtropical climates
This form of Brucella causes reproductive signs and STDs in intact male dogs?
B. canis
What is the reservoir of Francisella tularensis?
-lagomorphs (rabbits), rodents, amoeba
Which of the following is false about F. tularensis
A. It is a reportable disease, but not zoonotic
B. it is transmitted through vectors, contaminated H2O, and infected prey
C. It is a disease of the Northern Hemisphere
D. It is always systemic with organ failure
A. It is reportable and zoonotic
This causes Contagious Equine Metritis
Taylorella equigenitalis
- culture as soon as possible
stallion: sample prepuce, urethra, fossa glandis, sinus urethralis
mare: fossa clitoridis, sinus clitoridis
Kennel cough is caused by what bacteria in dogs/cats?
Bordatella bronchiseptica
- dry cough
- can kill kittens
What does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in pigs?
- non-progressive atrophic rhinitis: nose colonized, only damage to osteoblasts
- pneumonic bordatellosis- age less than one week= primary infection, over 1 week is secondary infection, causes coughing
- progressive atrophic rhinitis: paired with P. multocida, increases osteoclasts, nose is deformed and there is no building of new bone (no osteoblasts)
Which two toxins of Bordetella bronchiseptica have an effect on osteoblasts?
demonecrotic toxin
ostotoxin
This species of Bordatella causes Coryza in turkeys
- B. avium, along with TRT (virus)
- B. avium is primary pathogen
- causes swollen head syndrome
What clinical signs does Bordatella cause in rabbits?
- nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing
- along with pasteurella causes bronchopneumonia
Moraxella is what kind of pathogen?
- obligate symbiotic, obligate pathogenic
- will cause disease
Moraxella bovis causes what in cattle?
-pink eye (infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis), can also cause irreversible eye damage and ulcers
Thrombo embolic meningo-encephalitis aka Sleeper’s disease in cattle is caused by which pathogen?
Histophilus somnei- think insomnia–>sleep
-also causes brain and heart lesions
What important clinical signs does Avibacterium paragallinarum cause in chickens?
- Infectious coryza (upper respiratory infection)
- head and neck edema
What part of the avian body does Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale effect?
- nose, trachea, wing
- sneezing, nose exudate, coughing
Shipping fever in bovines is caused by which bacteria?
Mannheima hemolytica and Pasteurella multilocida
What is shipping fever?
bacterial bronchopneumonia associated with strains of bacteria and stress
Glasser disease
- caused by Haemophilis parasuis (pigs)
- normal commensal but can cause meningitis, polyseritis/polyarthritis
You see a cute little rabbit with a head tilt and upper respiratory symptoms what do you suspect?
Pasturella mutocida
What does pasturella multocida cause in cows?
hemorrhagic septicemia *, bronchopneumonia, high mortality
shipping fever
what does P. multocida cause in pigs?
atrophic rhinitis, lung pasteurellosis
Which species of poultry are most/least susceptible to P. multocida?
ducks most/ guinea fowl least
- causes upper respiratory infection
- if cat bites bird the bird is dead
Where can Pasturella multocida commonly be found in dogs/cats?
- mouth
- can be transmitted to humans through biting wounds
- cat bites a bird, bird gets pasterella septicemia and dies
Young sheep are dropping dead at a farm!!! After taking a history you discover that they recently have been transported and he’s changed their feed. What do you suspect?
Bibersteinia trehalosi
Actinobacillus lignieresii causes which rare disease in cows?
Wooden tongue/timber tongue
-multiple granulomas
Which of the following is false about Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?
A. Contains two biotypes
B. is spread through inhalation (aerosol) and direct contact
C. pig has a good prognosis
D. predisposing factor is stress
C. pig will usually immediately die
Which biotype of A. pleuropneumoniae is NAD dependent?
Biotype 1
Biotype 2 is NAD- independent
Which of the following exotoxins has to be present in vaccines for A. pleuropneumoniae for them to be effective?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
D. IV- necessary for full virulence, must be in vaccine
This causes sleepy foal disease and abortions in adult animals?
A. Equuli
Sleepy foal disease usually associated with not getting enough colostrum
