Exam 2 Flashcards
The Reformers!
Martin Luther//Germany//wanted to become a monk but did not last, “justification by grace alone”, nailed 95 theses to Wittenberg castle, denied papal authority over faith, Lutheranism spread through church in Germany and caused peasants to revolt, Luther was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church
John Calvin//Born in France, ministry mainly in Switzerland, “sola scriptura”=scripture alone, brought Theology known as…Calvinism 😬, took over Geneva, intellectual unemotional approach to faith, Presbyterian was an off-shoot of Calvinism as was puritan movement in England the the reformed church of the Netherlands.
William Tyndale//England, martyred (burned at the stake) 1536, translated the Bible into Early Modern English, bible translation also included notes and commentary, defied the pope and all of his laws, his works are in portions of the authorized King James Version and English revised version.
Zwingli//Never read Luther or Calvin but believed he came up with his own reformation, 67 articles, clerical marriage was allowed, off-shoot was anabaptists, church attempted to control moral behavior and strict supervision
What are indulgences?
Payments to the Catholic Church that purchased an exemption from punishment for some types of sins.
When did indulgences start?
16th century
Who sold indulgences and angered Martin Luther?
A monk by the name of John Tetzel
Who were the puritans?
A group of people who wanted to simplify and purify the church
Church branches that came from Puritanism?
Episcopal, Presbyterian, Congregationalists, Quakers
Who was the leader of the Puritans?
Oliver Cromwell
Who was the catholic Queen important to the counter reformation?
Queen Isabella
Catholic queen who wanted Catholicism in England?
Queen Mary aka Bloody Mary!
Imperative principles of our Protestant heritage
- Uniqueness of the Bible
- Priesthood of all believers
- Religious liberty
- Justification of the believers by faith alone
- Sanctity of human vocation
- Ethical value of life (sanctity of marriage, children and the home)
- Virtues of thrift and industry
TULIP
Total depravity
Unconditional election
Limited atonement
Irresistible grace
Perseverance of the saints
Five basic doctrines of Deism
The existence of God
The obligation to worship
The ethical requirements of such worship
The need for repentance
Reward and punishment, in this life an the next
Science effects religion//who are the three main scientists?
Copernicus//proved that the earth revolves around the sun
John Newton//because their is gravity there must be someone who has ordered it all.
Galileo//proves earth is round
The philosophers!
Blaise Pascal// proposes his famous wager to show that it is reasonable to believe in God.
Rene Descartes//I think therefore I am
John Locke//connected with empiricism. True knowledge is based on ourselves.
John Wesley 🔥
Mother//Susanna, homeschooled her 19 children(approximately)
Family//Father Samuel was a priest, 18ish siblings.
Oxford//while at oxford joined a society whose members took vows to live holy lives, take communion once a week, pray daily, visit prisons regularly…from this club came a friend called WHITEFIELD :) (whitefield was a Calvinist)
•believed he was a brand plucked from burning fire
•founder of Methodism
•saved England from a bloody revolution
•holiness/sanctification
•formed “classes” (NOT churches) of 12, 11 student and 1 instructor who could be male or female.
•Wesley remained Anglican until death! Never took on the membership of a Methodist church l.
