exam 2 Flashcards
Latent period
time delay between exposure and onset of contagiousness
incubation period
time delay between exposure and onset of disease S/S
communicable period
Contagious time, when person to person trasnmission is possible
Sporadic dz
dz that occurs occasionally in a population
endemic dz
dz constantly present in a population
epidemic dz
dz beyond normal expected rates in a community
Who spreads the dz?
index case, primary, secondary, and tertiary case
index case
first case identified in a population
primary case
person that brings the infection into a population
chain of infection (6)
pathogen, reservoir, susceptible host, mode of transmission, portal of entry and exit
Reservoirs
continual or potential sources of infection
A carrier state
colonization without apparent dz but can often spread the dz
Five routes of transmission
direct/indirect contact, droplet, airborne, common vehicle, and vectorborne
examples of droplet transmission
influenza, pertussis, and meningococcal meningitits
Examples of airborne transmission
measles, chicken pox, TB, and smallpox
two common vectorborne dz
Lyme dz and rocky mountain spotted fever
Which vector are we most concerned with?
tics
most common tic infection
Lyme dz
When and where does lyme dz occur most often
in the Summer, in wisconsin and minnesota
Where is rocky mountain spotted fever found
In the southeast, oklahoma, kansas, and missouri
Three parts of the epidemiologic triad
host, agent, and environment
environment for E. coli
undercooked hamburgers
Clostridium botulinum enivornment
In soil, foodstuff grown in soil, and improperly canned foods
Malaria environment
Parasite via mosquito vector
Isolation
separation of ill persons from those who are healthy
Quarantine
separation of current healthy people who have been exposed
When quarantining, what period do they want the pt to be in?
typically the incubation period
Two types of passive immunity
Vertical, from mother to infant. And passive immunization via IVIG
What percentage of people need to be immune for herd immunity to work?
85-95%
Three routes to become a forensic nurse
continuing education courses, certificate programs, and grad nursing academic programs
What is the easiest thing to change?
knowledge
what is the hardest thing to change?
Behavior
Three education principles
Nature of learning, educational process, and skills of effective educators
three domains of learning
cognitive (thinking), affective (feeling), and psychomotor (acting)
Six components of the cognitive domain
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation
What three conditions must be met for the psychomotor domain to work
necessary ability, sensory image, and opportunities to practice
goals vs objectives
goals are long-term expected outcomes. Objectives are specific, short-term criteria
OARS
open minded questions, affirmation, reflections, and summary
Motivational Interviewing
Used to help encourage people about change.
family household
A householder and at least one member related by birth, marraige, or adoption
nonfamily household
someone living alone, or householder living with a nonrelative
Cohabitation
a couple living together who are having a sexual relationship but not married
What type of people account for largest household growth
people who are living alone
5 types of home visiting programs
population focused, transitional, home based primary care, home health, and hospice/palliative
Home based primary care
Offers alternative to receiving services in clinics, community centers, or physician offices
Home health care is primarily focused on what level of prevention
Tertiary prevention
How do home visits first start
Always start with clarifying the referral
Ecomap
Diagram that shows the family unit in relation to subsets in the community
Family action plan
Used in designing family interventions by listing the 5 top things needed to be done to solve the problem
Secondary prevention for infection
notification, diagnosis, investigation, and quarantine
tertiary prevention for infection
treatment and maintenance
humans are reservoirs for what
AIDS/ gonorrhea
animals are reservoirs for what
rabies and lyme disease
Nonliving (soil and water) are reservoirs for what
tetanus and legionnaires
how does droplet transmission enter the body
lands on mucous membranes of eyes, nose, mouth, or hands
Are people vectors?
NO
botulism hosts
humans, cattle, horses, and waterfowl
Malaria hosts
humans, birds, bats, reptiles, and mammals
where do forensic nurses typically work?
In the emergency department
Secondary prevention for forensic nursing
Care to victims and perpetrators and collection of evidence
last straw for homelessness
family problems
three categories of health risks for a family
biological/age related, environmental, and behavioral risks
which home visiting model is based on tertiary prevention?
Home health
Home health helps what two groups of people?
Pt discharged from hospital that needs more care and people with chronic illness
four types of hospice providers
home health agencies, hospital-based, skilled nursing facility, and freestanding
Four essential stages of MI
engaging, empathetic listening, guiding, and planning
example of a sporadic dz
Travelers dz such as typhoid fever and malaria
example of an endemic dz
Can be seasonal (influenza), varicella, plague
how can you eliminate a reservoir?
Vaccinating, spraying mosquitos, and cleaning water supplies
Most common ways to decrease contact transmission
Gloves and handwashing
shigella
vectorborne transmission via the feet of flies
