Exam 2 Flashcards
Discretion
The freedom to decide what should be done in proper situation
Hearsay
Info received from other people
Probable cause
Reasonable grounds ( for making a search, pressing charge)
Reasonable suspicion
Justify brief stops and detentions but not enough for a full search
Reasonableness
The quality of being as much as in appropriate or fairy
Stop and frisk
Detain somebody
Search and seizure
Mapp v Ohio 4th and 5th
Reform era policing
Progressive era, time when police community relations, reform era police began heavily using police cars to enhance overall police practices
4th amendment
The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures
5th
No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime unless one of imprisonment or indictment of grand jury
6th
And criminal prosecutions your queue so enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial
Political era policing
Primary tactic of police during the political era was foot patrol
Exclusionary rule
A legal rule based on constitutional law saying that collect in violation is unmissable
Night watchman
Groups of men usually authorize my steak on their side of the tire collective you provide long as were originated in Britain
Problem solving policing
University of Wisconsin Herman Goldstein policing strategy that involved IDs and analysis of specific crime and disorder problems in order to develop effective response strategies
Bail and nj reform
Will largely in bloom a bill for minor crimes as expected significantly reduce the stage to know population under the new law course will use a risk assessment to decide whether not to finish being released pretrial relevance of this on the person cash bail
Initial appearance
Before a judge within a few hours of his/her arrest
Grand jury
Jury of 23 jurors selected to examine the validly of an accusation before trial
Arraignment
The action of arranging someone in court
Preliminary hearing
Trail before the trail judge decided where the defendant is guilty or not but if there is enough evidence to take defendant to trail
Adjudicators hearing
Make musical ruking such as judgment or degree. Petition or warrant are true
Tennessee v garner
4Th amendment a law enforcement officer is pursuing a fleeing suspect her or she may not use deadly force to prevent escape unless the suspect threats death or serious injury
Graham v Connor
Case where the court determined that an objective reasonableness standard should apply to a civil and claim that law enforcement officials used excessive force excessive force
Excessive force
Terry v Ohio
4th amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures is not violated when a police officer stops a suspect on the street and frisks him or her without probable cause
Gideon v wainwright
States required under 6th to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants were unable to pay for their own attorneys.
Batson v Kentucky
Dismissal of jurors
Right to counsel
Criminal defendant right to attorney is found in 6th the “assistance of counsel for the accused in all criminal prosecution. Gideon v wainwright
Differences in stages
Commencement- whether to conduct investigation or not, given to prosecutor
Appreance in court- appears informed of the charges
Bail- see if they should be released
Premlimnary- evidence or not
Trail-
Sentence-pleads guilty or found guilty
Diverse policing
Empathy Effective communication Compassion Intelligence Relate to people on personal level
Factor of discretion
Suspects demeanor Suspects record Complaints Attitude of parent/guardian System variables
Warrantless search
Consent to search Search conducted incident to arrests Evidence in plain view Automobile searches Exigenct circumstances
Technology changing
Importance of privacy expectations Rights of victims Rights of defendants Roles of defense and prosecutor Labtops in police cars
