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Neuropsychology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Concerning Vision, What is the Role of the Occipital Lobe?

A

Basic Vision (Lines and Shapes)

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2
Q

In Vision, What is the Role of Temporal Lobe?

A

Object, face, and letter Recognition

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3
Q

What is the role of Parietal Lobe?

A

Spatial Processing and Awareness (i.e sense of direction)

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4
Q

What is Optic Ataxia?

A

When eyes can’t track right

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5
Q

Is Optic Ataxia a problem with the eyes or brain?

A

Eyes

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6
Q

Eye Convergence Disorders interferes with what activity?

A

Reading

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7
Q

A Convergence Disorder is the inability to do what?

A

Voluntarily direct gaze to targets

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8
Q

The inability to maintain fixation is fixed with what handicap?

A

Glasses

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9
Q

When you have Topographical Disorientation, where is the problem located in the brain?

A

Further back in the brain

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10
Q

Topographical Disorientation is highly connected to which side of the brain?

A

Right

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11
Q

What is Apperceptive Agnosia (Visual Object Agnosia)?

A
  1. When you can only see parts of the object

2. You can’t figure out what the object is for

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12
Q

What is Prosopagnosia?

A

Face Blindness

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13
Q

What is the Disorder of Body Space?

A

When there is neglect of the body (usually the left side)

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14
Q

The Disorder of Body Space is the inability to do what?

A

To localize points on the body

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15
Q

You are mostly likely to see the Disorder of Body space after what incident, and in what area of the brain?

A

After a stroke in the right parietal (sensory) region

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16
Q

Auditory Processing Deficits are problems with what type of speech?

A

Problems with receptive speech

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17
Q

Auditory Processing Deficits often affects what part of speech?

A

Expressive Speech

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18
Q

What part of language does the Left Hemisphere control?

A

Word Choice

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19
Q

What part of language does the Right Hemisphere control?

A

Speech Prosody

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20
Q

What is Global Aphasia?

A

Trouble with both comprehension and production of speech

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21
Q

Wernicke’s Area (Superior Temporal Gryus) is involved in what part of language?

A

Integrating sounds for meaningful communication

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22
Q

What is Wernicke’s Aphasia?

A

Word Salad

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23
Q

In Auditory (Language) Processing, what is the role of the Primary Auditory Cortex?

A

Process basic sound features (e.g. Is it a high or low noise?)

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24
Q

In Auditory (Language) Processing, what is the role of the Secondary Auditory Cortex?

A

Integrates sounds into understandable speech

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25
Is the Auditory system unilateral (one side) or bilateral (both sides)?
Bilateral
26
What is Verbal Paraphasia?
When they substitute one word for another because can't find the word they want
27
What is Semantic Paraphasia?
When they use words that have a similar meaning, but are not the same (e.g. Flower for Rose)
28
What is Phonemic Paraphasia?
When you use bits of words
29
Phonemic Paraphasia is normal error until what age?
6-7 years old
30
What is Prosody?
HOW you say it (ie. intonation)
31
What is Dysarthria/Speech Apraxia?
When you can't get your mouth in the right position to say the word (ie. Tripping over words)
32
People with Dysarthria/ Speech Apraxia will often do what?
Make up their own words
33
What is Oral Motor Hypotonia?
When they don't have full use of oral muscles
34
What are the five main processes to forming permanent records?
1. Attention 2. Encoding 3. Rehearsal 4. Elaboration 5. Consolidation Adam Eats Rice Enters Coma
35
What is the role of Attention in Memory?
Interprets and retains information for a short amount of time (I.e. Sensory Registration)
36
What is the role of Encoding in Memory?
To take sensory info and transforms it into permeant records
37
What is a Record?
The mental representation of information
38
What are the two types of records?
1. Long-Term Memory | 2. Working Memory
39
What is Long-Term Memory?
Information you know completely
40
What is Working Memory?
Memories that you're working on or using right now
41
How long does Working Memory last?
A few months to a few years
42
What is the role of Elaborating in Memory?
1. To embellish 2. Make other connections 3. Build better bridges
43
What is the role of Consolidation in Memory?
To transform memory trace to record
44
What is Declarative Memory?
Memory for facts
45
What is Procedural Memory?
How-To Memory
46
Procedural Memory is learned consciously or involuntarily?
Involuntarily
47
Is Procedural Memory easily changed (flexible) or inflexible?
Not easily changed (inflexible)
48
What is Non-Declarative Memory?
Implicit memory related to cues in the environment
49
What is Conceptual Knowledge? (2)
1. Knowing why something is | 2. Why you do something in a particular way (ie. mannerisms)
50
What is Episodic/Autobiographical Memory? (2)
1. Knowing when and where something happened to you | 2. Your take on the world
51
What is Conditional/Educational Knowledge?
When is it the right time to do something
52
What is Recall?
The retrieval of info associated with cues
53
What is Recognition?
When a cue triggers a memory (e.g. Smell)
54
What are the two strengths of a records activation level?
High and Low
55
What is High Activation Level associated with? (2)
1. Lots of Cues/Connections | 2. Well learned information
56
What is Low Activation Level associated with? (2)
1. Less cues | 2. Not that well learned
57
Cues cause records to change from ___ to ___.
Low to high activation
58
Cues can help us recall information from where?
Different memory systems
59
Are emotion automatic or conscious?
Automatic
60
Where do emotions come from?
Sensory experiences processed through the limbic system
61
What are Flashbulb memories?
Events that occur during intense emotional arousal that are preserved with special accuracy and clarity
62
What side(s) of the face are used to express positive emotions?
Both Sides
63
What side(s) of the face are used more for expressing negative emotions?
Left Side
64
What happens to emotions when the Left Hemisphere is damaged?
Catastrophic Reactions
65
What happens to emotions when the Right Hemisphere is damaged?
They think everything feels fine
66
In relation to forgetting, what is the Decay Theory?
That the strength of a record weakens over time if not used
67
In relation to forgetting, what is the Proactive Interference Theory?
What you've learned in the past is interfering with what you're learning now
68
In relation to forgetting, what is the Retroactive Interference Theory?
New learning interferes with recall of old information
69
The Hippocampus is used for what type of memory?
Declarative
70
What theory does the function of the Hippocampus support?
The Long Term Potentiation Theory
71
What does the Long Term Potentiation Theory deal with?
The formation of Long Term Pathways
72
The Cerebellum is involved in what type of learning?
Skill based learning (E.g. Motor skills and language)
73
What is Acetylcholine?
A neurotransmitter specifically involved with the use of memory
74
What does Scopolamine do?
Stops Acetylcholine from working correctly
75
What is Anterograde Amnesia?
The impairment of memory for information acquired after the start of amnesia
76
What is Retrograde Amnesia?
The impairment of memory for information acquired before the amnesia started
77
What type of amnesia tends to resolve over time?
Retrograde
78
What type of Amnesia generally does not affect memory for skills?
Anterograde Amnesia
79
Anterograde Amnesia affects which processes of memory?
1. Encoding | 2. Consolidation
80
Retrograde Amnesia affects which Process(es) of Memory?
1. Consolidation | 2. Retrieval
81
What are the five types of attention?
1. Alertness 2. Selective Attention 3. Sustained Attention 4. Divided Attention 5. Automatic Processing Allen Sips Something Dies Alone
82
What is Alertness?
General Arousal (I.e. How awake are you)
83
How long is the Alertness Cycle?
90 Minutes
84
What is Selective Attention?
What you chose to focus on at any moment
85
What is Sustained Attention?
Being able to stay and focus on something
86
What is Divided Attention?
The ability to multitask
87
What is Automatic Processing?
Behaviors that are on automatic pilot (E.g. Reading, Writing)
88
What does the Reticular Activating System control?
Your level of arousal
89
The Superior Colliculus used for what type of attention?
Selective Attention
90
The Thalamus used for what type of attention?
Selective Attention
91
The Right Fronto-Parietal-Thalamic Network used for what type of attention?
Sustained Attention
92
What does the Cingulate Cortex do?
Makes sure you stay on task
93
What does the Executive Attention System do?
Makes sure you keep your eye on the prize by using dopamine
94
Injuries to what part of the brain negatively affects executive functioning?
The Prefrontal Region
95
Concerning Executive Functions, how could brain damage affect Initiation, Cessation, and Control of Action? (4)
1. Poor initiation of activity 2. Apathy 3. Reduced Speech 4. Perseveration
96
What is Perseveration?
When you start a repetitive behavior and it is difficult to stop
97
What is Cognitive Flexibility?
How many different ways you can see something
98
Goal Directed Behaviors are in charge of setting what?
Short and Long-Term Goals
99
What part of the brain is responsible for Goal Directed Behaviors and the ability to sequence?
The Right Frontal Region
100
What is the Ability to Self-Monitor?
To accurately judge your own performance
101
The development of executive develops across the lifespan. (True/False)
True
102
As the development of Executive Functioning increases, does planning increase or decrease?
Increase
103
As the development of executive function increases, what changes in the way we deal with perseverative responses?
We gain inhibition of perseverative responses
104
Attention, Memory, and Executive Functioning work together to do what?
Keep goals in mind so that they can guide behavior

Neuropsychology (4 decks)

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