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Tests and Measures Exam 1 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most rigid part of the vertebral column?

A

*Thoracic spine Facet joints

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2
Q

How is the thoracic spine aligned?

A

*In a mild kyphosis

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3
Q

What is the resting position of the thoracic spine/facets?

A

*Midway between flexion and extension (upright posture)

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4
Q

What is the closed pack position of the Thoracic spine?

A

Extension

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5
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the Thoracic spine?

A

*side flexion and rotation equally limited, extension

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6
Q

What is the mobile platform for thoracic movement?

A
  • Thoracic Spine Facet Joints
  • Upper extremities via ST and SC joints
  • Cervical Spine
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7
Q

What does the sternum (breast bone) made up of?

A
  • Manubrium, body, Sternum

* Sternal Notch of the Manubrium

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8
Q

What does the manubriosternal joint (sternal angle) align with?

A

*2nd rib

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9
Q

What does the xiphosternal joint align with?

A
  • T9 vertebrae

* T7 ribs

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10
Q

What does the xiphoid process align with?

A
  • T9 vertebra

* T6 dermatome

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11
Q

What is the norm for the infrasternal angle and what is the cause of a large or small one?

A
  • Norm: 90 dg
  • > 90 dg: tightness in internal obliques
  • < 90 dg: tightness in external obliques
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12
Q

Would an upper chest breather have a larger or smaller angle?

A

*Less than 90 dg because they don’t expand the lower ribs

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13
Q

What can be palpated in the anterior ribs?

A

*Costochondral Junctions

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14
Q

How do you palpate the first rib?

A

*Posterior while sitting and/or prone

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of ribs 2-12?

A
  • Most rounded inferior rib felt anterolaterally is the 10th rib and it’s costochondral junction
  • Inferior and posterolateral to that is the tip of rib 11, ending just anterior to mid-axillary line
  • Rib 12, inferior and medial to rib 11, it is about an inch or so below rib 11 about 2-4 inches from the spinous process
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16
Q

Which ribs have angles and where are they found?

A
  • Ribs 2-10 have them
  • 1st rib doesn’t possess an angle and 11th and 12th are slight if present
  • 3-4 cm lateral to the tips of the transverse process
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17
Q

What are the rib articulations with the costovertebral joints?

A
  • Ribs 1, 10, 11, 12 have one vertebral body articulation

* Ribs 2-9 articulate with two adjacent vertebrae

18
Q

What are the rib articulations with the costotransverse joints?

A
  • *Ribs and transverse processes of the same level
  • Ribs 1-10
  • Ribs 11 and 12 do not have these joints
19
Q

What are the rib articulations with the costochondral joints?

A
  • Ribs and costal cartilage
  • Ribs 1-7 = True Ribs
  • Ribs 8-10 = False Ribs
  • Ribs 11 and 12 = Floating
20
Q

What is the Thoracic Rule of Three?

A
  • T1-3: SP at level with TP
  • T4-6: SP are 1/2 level down than TP
  • T7-9: SP are one full level down from TP
  • T10-12: Starts to come back up
  • T10: SP is one full level below TP
  • T11: SP is one 1/2 level below TP
  • T12: SP is even with TP
21
Q

What is the OIAN of the External Obliques?

A
  • O: Ribs 5-12
  • I: Iliac crest, pubis, linea alba
  • A: Bilaterally compresses abdomen and flexes the spine, Unilaterally it does ipsilateral side bending and contralateral rotation
22
Q

What is the OIAN of the internal obliques?

A
  • O: Lateral inguinal ligament, middle lip of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
  • I: Pubis, inferior border of ribs 9-12, linea alba
  • A: Bilaterally compress abdomen and flexes the spine
  • N: Lower 5 thoracic nerves, 1st lumbar nerve, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal n.
23
Q

What is the OIAN of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • O: Crest of Pubis and pubic tubercle, pubic symphysis
  • I: Cartilages of the 5-7 ribs and xiphoid process
  • A: Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
  • N: Spinal nerves T7-12
24
Q

What forms the washboard effect in the abdominals?

A

*The transverse fibrous intersections of the rectus abdominis

25
Q

What are the OIAN of the Transverse Abdominis?

A
  • O: Lateral 3rd of inguinal ligament, inner lip of iliac crest, inner cartilage of the lower six ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, and interdigitating with diaphragm
  • I: Ends in aponeruosis, front and back of rectus sheath to linea alba and pubis
  • N: Lower sic thoracic n, first lumbar n, iliohypgastic and ilioinguinal n.
  • A: Compresses abdominal viserca dn tenses abdominal wall
26
Q

What are the erector spinae divided between?

A

*Cervicis, thoracic, and lumborum

27
Q

How does the pump handle action work and what does it effect?

A

*Move by rotating around their long axis. Rotates up with accompaniment of the manubrium and is done at T1-6

28
Q

How does the bucket handle action work and what does is effect?

A
  • Move upward, backward, and medially
  • Effects T7-10
  • Effects T2-6 at a much lesser degree
29
Q

How does the Caliper action work and what does it effect?

A
  • Moves laterally

* Effects T11 and T12

30
Q

When measuring chest expansion, What is normal and what is problematic?

A
  • Normal: > or equal to 5 cm

* Problem: < 2.5 cm, severe emphysema is 1 cm

31
Q

What is the Sahrmann Core Stability Test?

A
  • Ability of a patient to perform specific levels of stability testing while maintaining a neutral/flat spine (test is stopped if patient cannot maintain flat spine)
  • Test is graded by the level the patient can perform
32
Q

What is Level 1A- Fair of the SCS Test?

A
  • Initial position to be used for rest of levels
  • Hooklying, tighten your core keeping back flat and slowly lift 1 leg to 90 dg keeping your knee bent
  • Keeping 1st leg up, slowly bring 2nd leg up to same position
  • “Up up position”
33
Q

What is level 1B- Poor (motor training) of the SCS Test?

A
  • For the patient that cannot perform level 1A

* Hooklying, keeping back flat, slide one heel along floor out to straight leg and return to starting position

34
Q

What is the level 2- fair+ of the SCS test?

A
  • Starting in position 1A both legs up
  • Slowly lower 1 leg down until heel touches table
  • Slide heel along table out until leg is straight
  • Slide it back until knee is bent
  • Return to position 1A
  • “One heel slide”
35
Q

What is the level 3 (good) of SCS Test?

A
  • Starting in position 1A (both legs up)
  • Slowly lower 1 leg until it is a few inches above table
  • Glide heel above table out until leg is straight
  • Glide it back until knee is bent
  • Return to position 1A
  • “one heel glide”
36
Q

What is the level 4 (sport level) of the SCS test?

A
  • Starting in position 1A (both legs up)
  • Slowly lower both legs until heels touch the table
  • Slide both heels out until both legs are straight
  • Slide them back until knees bent
  • Return to position 1A
  • “Double heel slide”
37
Q

What is the level 5 (sport level- elite athlete) of the SCS test?

A
  • Starting in position 1A (both legs up)
  • Slowly lower both legs until heels are a few inches above table
  • Glide both legs out until legs are straight
  • Glide back until knees are bent
  • Return to position 1A
  • “Double heel glide”
38
Q

What are the lower extremity myotomes?

A
  • L2: hip flexion
  • L3: Knee extension
  • L4: Ankle dorsiflexion
  • L5: Great toe extension
  • S1: Ankle eversion, hip extension, plantar flexion
  • S2: Knee flexion
39
Q

What are the LE DTRs?

A
  • L3/4: quads
  • S1/2: Achilles
  • L5/S1: Hamstrings
40
Q

What is the pelvis made up of?

A
  • 2 innominates and sacrum
  • 3 joints
  • 2 posterior (left and right SI joint)
  • 1 anterior (pubic symphysis)
41
Q

What occurs in the 2 posterior SI joints?

A
  • Synovial articulations with irregular surfaces
  • Strong ligamentous support and strong support from bony contour
  • Movement- some and can have an effect on pain, stretch guarding
  • Nutation and Counternutation, shearing

Tests and Measures Exam 1 (3 decks)

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