exam 2

Question 1

what movements are characterized by tactile sensory information? (3)

Answer 1

• movement accuracy
• movement consistency
• movement force adjustment

Question 2

proprioceptors / types- receives info from sensory neurons (3)

Answer 2

• muscle spindles
• Golgi tendon organs
• joint receptors

Question 3

surgical deafferentation

Answer 3

afferent neutral pathways associated with movement of interest have been surgically removed or altered

Question 4

tendon vibration

Answer 4

high speed vibration of the tendon of the agonist muscle- proprioceptor feedback distorted

Question 5

the moving room experiment

Answer 5

participants stood in room where walls moved but the floor didn’t- conflicted between vision and proprioception

Question 6

Fitt’s law

Answer 6

model of human movement predicts that the time required to rapidly move to a target area is a function of the distance to the target and the size of the target

Question 7

prehension

Answer 7

action involving reaching for and grasping objects. 3 components: transport, grasp, object manipulation

Question 8

asymmetric bimanual coordination

Answer 8

2 arms moving with DIFFERENT spatial and/or temporal characteristics

Question 9

symmetric bimanual action

Answer 9

2 arms moving with the SAME spatial and/or temporal characteristics

Question 10

rhythmic structures of gait (2)

Answer 10

• components of step cycle

- rhythmic relationship between arms and legs

Question 11

reaction time

Answer 11

preparation time requires to produce action

Question 12

attention

Answer 12

focused on the signal

Question 13

Hick’s law

Answer 13

1. RT increases as the number of stimulate-response choices increases
2. predictability of the correct response choice (RT decreases as predictability of the correct response choice instead)

Question 14

Kahneman’s model of attention

Answer 14

• arousal level: the factor that influences the amount of attention capacity for a specific performance situation
• evaluation of attention requirements of multiple tasks to be performed
  1. ensure completion of least one task
  2. enduring disposition: involuntary attention allocation
  3. momentary intensions

Question 15

central capacity theory

Answer 15

propose one central source of attention resources for which all activities requiring attention compete

Question 16

multiple resource theory

Answer 16

• propose that we have several sources for attention
• each source has a limited capacity of resources
• the multiple sources based on specific information processing component
• sensory input
• response output
• type of memory code

Question 17

automaticity

Answer 17

performance of a skill without requiring attention resources
In kahneman’s theory, relates to evaluation of task demand

Question 18

automaticity of task performance

Answer 18

• related to amount of practice

- practice is directly associated with automaticity

Question 19

feature integration theory

Answer 19

• initially search according to specific features (color, shape)
• direct “attentional spotlight” on environment (wide narrow focus)
• features of interest “pop out”

Question 20

tactile sensory receptors

Answer 20

are in the fingertips

Question 21

stroop effect

Answer 21

spatial arrangement of stimuli and their associated response mechanisms

Question 22

cocktail party effect

Answer 22

• dependent on the meaningfulness of the event/situation

- enduring dispositions: involuntary attention allocation

Question 23

foreperiod

Answer 23

RT increases/decreases as a function of the length and the regularity of the length of the RT foreperiod (interval between warning and go signals)

Question 24

movement time

Answer 24

• RT increases as amount of complexity of the action increases
• first demonstrated by classic experiment by henry and rogers

Question 25

psychological refractory period

Answer 25

• delay of response to 2nd stimulus is called the psychological refractory period
• relate o a situation in sports involving a “fake” movement followed by the intended movement as the 2 stimuli and the other player’s responses as the 2 responses

Question 26

enduring dispositions

Answer 26

1. involuntary attention allocations
   - novel for the situation
   - meaningfulness of the event (cocktail party phenomenon)

Question 27

binocular vision

Answer 27

depth perception when 3 dimensional features involved in performance situation

example: grasping objects; walking on a cluttered pathway; intercepting a moving object

Question 28

central (foveal vision)

Answer 28

• 2-5 degree visual field
  -provides specific information to allow us to begin action goals but is mainly for vision
  perception; specific characteristics info

Question 29

race decay

Answer 29

working memory LTM

Question 30

proactive interference

Answer 30

working memory LTM

Question 31

retroactive interference

Answer 31

working memory LTM

Question 32

intentional learning

Answer 32

the intention to remember

Question 33

bottleneck theory

Answer 33

difficulty doing multiple tasks simultaneously because of limitation due to serial processing of multiple stimuli