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psych test 2 > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

learning is

A

based on experience only, we learn by associations

-any durable change in behavior or knowledge due to experience

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2
Q

habituation

A

simplest form of learning, learn how to become bored with something
-decline in response of the organisms response to stimulus once the stimulus becomes familiar

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3
Q

dishabituation

A

sensitivity to any change in the parameters of a stimulus to which one has previously habituated

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4
Q

unconditioned response

A
  • unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus

- salivation

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5
Q

conditioned response

A
  • a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus

- salivation

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6
Q

unconditioned stimulus

A
  • meat powder

- evokes an unconditioned response

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7
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

-the tone/bell

previously neutral stimulus

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8
Q

generalization

A

conditioned stimulus that resemble each other can elicit the same conditioned response

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9
Q

operant conditioning

A

learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences

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10
Q

reinforcers

A

increase likely hood of behavior

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11
Q

punishers

A

decrease likely hood of behavior

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12
Q

positive reward

A

give something good

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13
Q

negative reward

A

take something bad away

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14
Q

positive punishment

A

giving something bad

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15
Q

negative punishment

A

taking something good away

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16
Q

assimilation

A

uses existing knowledge to deal with a new object

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17
Q

accomodation

A

existing knowledge does not work and needs to be changed to deal with a new situation

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18
Q

equilibration

A

occurs when a childs knowledge can deal with most new information through knowledge

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19
Q

3 components of piagets theory

A

assimilation, accomodation, equilibration

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20
Q

Piaget defined intelligence as..

A

reasoning, remembering, and problem solving. Children thought processes go through a serious of four major stages

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21
Q

Sternbergs Theory

A
  • 3 types of intelligence
  • experiental
  • intelligence
  • contexual (street smart)
  • informationo processing (strategies to learn things)
22
Q

Maslows Hierarchy of needs

A

to get to transcendence/enlightenment you need to fulfill all needs below

23
Q

Gardners Theory

A

He believes there are multiple intelligences

24
Q

Encoding

A

attention (multi-tasking) - forming a memory code

25
Q

retrieval

A

re-accessing of events or information

26
Q

storage

A

placing newly acquire information into memory

27
Q

short term memory

A

limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information

  • lasts for up to 20 seconds
  • can recall about 7 items
28
Q

sensory memory

A

-preserves information in its original sensory form for a fraction of a second

29
Q

flashbulb memory

A

unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events

30
Q

bilingualism

A

benefits: know more words in two languages, have higher attention control, working memory capacity, abstract reasoning and problem solving
disadvantage: language processing speed and look delayed in language development

31
Q

Chomsky/Nativist

A
  • language acquisition advice is an innate mechanism or process that facilitates the learning of language.
  • children learn the rules of language, its not imitated
32
Q

IQ

A

measure using stand ford binet (IQ test), calculate: mental age/chronical age x100
Percentile: indicates the percentage of people who score at or below the score that was obtained

33
Q

Reliability

A

same results over time

34
Q

validity

A

actually assess what you want to know

35
Q

drives

A

internal state of tension that motivates an organism to engage in activities to reduce tension

36
Q

goal of all drives

A

to reach homeostasis, be content

37
Q

what % of the population is obese

A

36%

38
Q

differences/similarities of phases of sexual cycle between men and women

A

differences: men think about sex more often than women, initiate sex more often,
similarities: muscle tension, respiration rate, heart rate, and blood pressure increase

39
Q

parental investment theory and sexual behavior

A

refers to what each sex has to invest in terms of time, energy, survival risk, and forgone opportunities to produce and nurture offspring

40
Q

differences between men and women re sexual behavior

A

after an orgasm men have a refractory period where they are unresponsive to further stimulation. women however can have multiple orgasms

41
Q

kinseys view on sexual orientation

A

sexual orientation is no heterosexual/homosexual its on a continuum

42
Q

treatment of emotions

A

cognitive- being scared/need to leave
behavioral- run
-physiological- heart rate, nausea, dilated pupils

43
Q

amygdala

A

“house” of experiencing emotions

44
Q

risk factors associated with obesity

A
  • hypertension
  • musculoskeletal
  • heart disease
  • diabetes
45
Q

shaping (operant conditioning)

A

the reinforcement of close and close approximations of a desired response

46
Q

discrimination

A

influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences
ex. ( children learn to ask for sweets when their parents are in a good mood)

47
Q

learning (acquisition)

A

responding gradually increases bc of reinforcement (thru shaping)

48
Q

Long term memory

A
49
Q

empiricist/learning theory of language

A

-believe language is learned behavior through childs social context

50
Q

clustering

A

organizing information in memory into related groups

psych test 2 (1 decks)

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