Exam 2 Flashcards
Used to carry out the purpose and function of the instrument
Blade
Working End
A very fine line where surfaces meet
cutting edge
Surfaces meet or are continuous to form the back of the instrument
lateral surfaces
Connects the working end with the handle
Shank
What shape of shanks are for unrestricted areas?
Straight shanks
What shape of shanks are for more restricted areas?
Angled shanks
Section of the shank adjacent to the blade. It is sometimes elongated to give better access to deeper pockets
Lower or terminal shank
Overall design
Handle
Has one working end
Single-ended instrument
May have paired or complementary working ends
Double-ended instrument
Are separable from the shank and working end. They permit instrument exchanges and replacements
Cone socket
Hollow handles are lighter and are preferred to solid handles because they have an enhanced tactile sensitivity and lessen fatigue
Weight
The ideal instrument for comfort and best tactile sensitivity
Light weight, serrated, hollow handle
The school or individual responsible for the design or development
Design name
The traditional number used to identify the specific instrument
Design number
Gracey after 5’s
Shank is 3mm longer
Pocket depths beyond 5mm
Treatment sequence of instruments
Explorer Ultra-Sonic Scaler Universal Curet Area Specific(Gracey's)
Curets (in general)
One or two cutting edges on a curved blade
Curved around to meet the toe
Face is flat
Back is rounded
70-80
Shank (Anterior teeth)- flat plane
Shank (Posterior teeth)- angled for access to proximal surfaces
Can be adapted on any tooth surface
Face : 90 degree angle
Cutting edge: continuous around the face; used on both sides
Universal curet
Designed for adaptation to specific surfaces Paired mirror image Face: offset, 70 degree angle Cutting edge: continuous around the face Made for deeper pockets
Area Specific
Standard instrument made for subgingival scaling and root planning
Blade forms a 70 degree angle with the tooth
Pull stroke only; applied in vertical, horizontal, or oblique directions
Curets
Used for subgingival scaling for removal of as much of the calculus as possible
Universal curets
What instrument is best for fine scaling and root planning?
Area specific curets
What is the design of curets?
Slender shank allows entrance into the sulcus or pocket
Rounded back minimizes possible trauma at the base of the pocket
Two cutting edges on a curved blade
Face: Two lateral surfaces form tip of scaler
Cross section: triangle
Curved/Sickle scaler
Two cutting edges on a straight blade
Face: flat
Straight/Jacquette scaler
Purpose and Uses for Scalers:
Supragingival calculus
Using subgingival can can trauma & risk of scratching the cemental surface is greater
Tactile sensitivity is decreased with larger, heavier blades
70 degree angle
Pull stroke only
What is a modified pen grasp?
Holding an instrument between thumb pads and index finger, with the side of the middle finger supporting the shank or placed lower on the handle. The 4th finger is used as a fulcrum.
The support, or point of rest, on which a lever turns in moving a body
Fulcrum
Objectives of a Finger Rest:
Stability Unit control Prevention of Injury (Carpel tunnel) Comfort for the patient Control of length stroke
What does burnish mean?
the process of adapting, polishing, and/or work-hardening a metal restoration under the sliding pressure of a smooth hard instrument, as in finishing the surface of a gold filling.
What causes burnished calculus?
Dull instruments
What are the 3 brand names of local delivery antibiotic agents used for unresponsive areas during periodontal therapy?
Arestin
Atridox
Periochip
Arestin (antibiotic agent)
1mg in a gel carrier
Tetracycline sensitivity
5mm pockets
Atridox
Liquid form
Delivered by syringe into a pocket
Reduce probing depths, gain of attachment, & destruction of pathogenic microorganisms
Gingival fluid flow is blocked; incidence of abscess can increase
Periochip
Advantage over other antibiotics because there is no potential for bacterial resistance
Gingival fluid flow is blocked which means a periapical abscess can increase
Maintains levels for 7-10 days
What is an O-ring for an ultrasonic scaler?
Seals the water, if water shoots out of the O-ring it means it is dry rotted
The support, or point of finger rest on the tooth surface, on which the hand turns in moving an instrument
Finger rest
Gracey mini 5’s
Blade length is 50% shorter than a traditional Gracey curet
How can you remove burnished calculus?
File scalers
Magnetostrictive
Metal strips
Elliptical pattern
18,000 to 45,000 cycles per second
Relationship between the working end of an instrument and the tooth surface being treated
Adaptation
For intraoral rest, the place on a tooth or teeth where the third or ring finger of the hand holding the instrument is placed to provide stablization and control during activation of the instrument
finger rest
Use of a dental mouth mirror to view the area of instrumentation. Indirect lighting is provided by the mirror.
indirect vision
The minimal pressure that is required of an instrument against the tooth to accomplish the objective of the assessment or treatment
Lateral pressure
To smooth and polish; an effect that result when a dull scaler or curet is passed over tenacious calculus in an attempt to remove the deposit
burnish
A form of antimicrobial agent produced by or obtained from microorganisms that can kill other microorganisms that can kill other microorganisms or inhibit their growth
antibiotic
Use of specific chemical or pharmaceutical agents for the control or destruction of microorganisms
antimicrobial therapy
With reference to the clinical attachment level, which is the position of the periodontal attached tissue at the base of a sulcus or pocket as measured from a fixed point
attachment
The union of connective tissue or epithelium with a root surface that has been deprived of its original attachement apparatus
New attachemtn
The reunion of epithelial and connective tissues with root surfaces and bone occurs after an incision or injury
Reattachment
Presence of bacteria in the blood
Bactermia
Available for absorption by the body
bioabsorbable
Susceptible of degradation by biological processes, as by bacterial or other enzymatic action
Biodegradable
Tubular instrument placed in a cavity to introduce or withdraw fluid
Cannula
Treatment by which means of chemical or pharaceutical agents
Chemotherapy
Local delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent to a site-specific area
Controlled release
A minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used in medicine to examine in accessible tissues by inserting a fiber optic tube into the body
Endoscopy
LPS complex found in the cell wall of many gram negative microorganisms
endotoxin
Anatomic area between the roots of a mulitrooted tooth
Furcation
Pathologic resorption of bone within a furcation
Furcation invasion
Area on tooth where instrumentation is confined
Instrumentation zone
Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues
infection
Caused by microorganisms that are part of the normal microbiota of the skin, nose, mouth, and intestinal and urogenital tracts
Endogenous infection
Caused by organisms acquired from outside the oral cavity or the host
Exogenous infection
Occurs in systemically or locally impaired host
Opportunistic infection
Dental biofilm removal and control, supragingival and subgingival scaling, rooth planning, etc
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy
A definitive treatment procedure designed to remove altered cementum or surface dentin that is rough, impregnated with calculus, or contaminated with toxins
root planning
Used to explain therpies planned that address the patient’s problems to answer all questions and obtain their consent
PARQ (Procedures, Alternatives, Risks/benefits, Questions)
Not responding to usual treatment
Refractory
Instrumentation of the crown or root surfaces to remove dental biofilm and calculus
Scaling
